The process of transitioning laying hens from their rearing phase to the laying phase is commonly referred to as "turning." Properly managing this transition is crucial, as it helps hens start laying eggs earlier and significantly increases egg production. To ensure a smooth and successful transition, several key steps must be carefully followed.
First, timing is essential. Laying hens typically begin producing eggs around 20 weeks of age. However, to help them adjust quickly and form a stable group, they should be moved at about 18 weeks. If the transfer is delayed, it can negatively impact their egg-laying performance.
Second, the housing environment needs to be well-prepared. In winter, the hen house should be warmed up two to three days before the hens arrive, ensuring the temperature is similar to the previous brooding area. The space should also be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected using either a 40% formaldehyde solution or a 50% sulfuric acid solution to prevent disease outbreaks.
Third, stress management is critical during the transfer. It's best to move the hens during the warmest part of the day in winter and the cooler hours of the morning in summer. Before moving, make sure the chickens are on an empty stomach. Additionally, adding a small amount of antibiotics to their feed for three to five days after the transfer can help prevent health issues caused by environmental changes.
Fourth, grouping the hens properly is important. Before the transfer, inspect each bird and sort them based on size. This allows for more effective and targeted management, reducing competition and improving overall productivity.
Fifth, feeding and management practices need to be closely monitored. Once the egg production rate reaches 5%, switch to layer-specific feed. The transition should be gradual—start mixing in the layer feed during the rearing period and fully replace it within a week. From 19 weeks of age, provide 10 hours of light per day, and gradually increase the lighting by 30 minutes each day until reaching 17 hours of light daily at 20 weeks.
Lastly, supplementing with vitamins is beneficial. After 3 to 5 days of transfer, add a multivitamin mix to the layer feed to boost the hens' immune systems and improve their overall health.
By following these steps, farmers can ensure a smoother transition, better egg production, and healthier laying hens.
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