China's peanut genomics has made important progress

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) maintains a globally recognized and authoritative genetic database. As of August 10, the database had recorded 7,538 peanut ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) and 479 peanut gene entries. However, nearly 60% of these records originated from the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in China, highlighting its significant contribution to peanut genomics research. Recently, the High-tech Research Center at the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences made a major breakthrough by submitting 4,406 peanut ESTs and 270 peanut genes to the NCBI in one go. This achievement marks a key milestone in the study of peanut functional genomics and places the center among the world’s leading institutions in this field. Genomics research is at the forefront of modern biological science and plays a vital role in national technological and economic development. The construction of full-length cDNA libraries, large-scale sequencing, and functional analysis are essential tools for understanding gene expression and discovering new genes. In 2003, Bi Yuping, director of the High-tech Research Center and a doctoral supervisor, led a team of over ten experts from within and outside the United Nations. They leveraged the advanced genomics platform of the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Breeds Improvement Biotechnology. Over the past three years, they successfully constructed a full-length cDNA library from immature seeds of the main cultivar “Luhua 14” and conducted extensive sequencing. To date, more than 11,000 cDNA sequences have been sequenced, with over 5,500 of them subjected to BLAST analysis. Researchers have identified 2,100 single-copy sequences and more than 600 sequence clusters, providing valuable insights into the genetic makeup of peanuts. Peanuts are not only important grain and oil crops but also energy plants. China leads the world in both total peanut production and exports. In 2005, China accounted for 42% of the global peanut trade. Shandong, as a major peanut-producing province, holds top rankings nationwide in terms of sown area, yield, total output, processing, and export. The Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has focused on international research frontiers and conducted large-scale studies on peanut functional genomics, making significant contributions to the development of genetically improved peanut varieties and the cultivation of high-yield, high-quality strains.

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