In recent days, several farmers who planted cowpeas have reached out with concerns. They mentioned that the leaves of their cowpea plants have started turning yellow, and despite applying various foliar fertilizers, there has been little to no improvement. They’re asking what might be causing this issue and how they can fix it.
This situation was recently observed in a greenhouse in Nanpan, where the cowpea plants are showing signs of poor root development, which is directly affecting their overall growth. The main causes behind the yellowing leaves are as follows:
1. **Root Problems Due to Overwatering** – Cowpeas are very sensitive to moisture levels. Excessive watering can lead to flower drop and root rot. When the soil remains too wet, the roots may become waterlogged, leading to red root disease, which weakens the plant’s ability to absorb nutrients.
2. **Nematode Infestation** – It's not a typical root-knot nematode but a subterranean type that affects the junction between the main root and the lateral roots. These nematodes don’t form galls, but they cause the base of the stem to become rough, with cracked bark and dry, rotting roots. This damage hinders nutrient uptake and leads to yellowing leaves.
**Solutions:**
- **Water Management:** Avoid overwatering. Follow the principle of “watering without overwatering.†Only water when necessary and ensure good drainage.
- **Disease Prevention:** Apply preventive treatments such as Volvo or Bromochlor to control nematodes. You can also use anti-nematode fertilizers like Shi Jian Jian for added protection.
Another farmer from Dong’a County, Liaocheng City, reported a similar issue: the new leaves are completely yellow, yet the leaf shape remains normal, with no visible spots or other symptoms. This is likely due to an imbalance in the soil nutrients.
**Possible Cause:**
The problem could be caused by an excess of phosphate fertilizer in the base fertilizer. Too much phosphate can inhibit the plant’s ability to absorb iron, resulting in iron deficiency. Iron deficiency typically causes the youngest leaves to turn completely yellow while the veins remain green. Additionally, excessive boron or zinc, along with overly wet soil, can also interfere with iron uptake.
**Remedies:**
- Apply a foliar fertilizer rich in iron, such as "Green Faster" or other iron-based sprays.
- You can also apply ferrous sulfate through irrigation to help restore iron levels in the soil.
It’s important for farmers to monitor both soil and water conditions closely and adjust fertilization practices accordingly. Regular soil testing can help identify nutrient imbalances early on, preventing long-term damage to crops.
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