In recent days, several farmers who planted cowpeas reached out with concerns. They mentioned that the leaves of their cowpea plants have started turning yellow, and despite applying various foliar fertilizers, there has been little improvement. They are asking what could be causing this issue and how to fix it.
This particular problem was observed in a greenhouse in Nanpan, where the cowpea plants showed significant yellowing of the leaves. After a thorough inspection, it was determined that the main cause is poor root development, which is affecting the overall growth of the plant. The key reasons behind this are:
1. **Root Rot Due to Overwatering** – This is common when there's excessive watering. Cowpeas are sensitive to moisture levels, and too much water can lead to flower drop and root rot. High humidity can also promote red root disease, which further weakens the plant’s ability to absorb nutrients.
2. **Nematode Infestation** – Although not root-knot nematodes, subterranean nematodes may be present. These pests mainly affect the junction between the main root and lateral roots, without forming galls. Symptoms include a rough base of the stem, cracked bark, and dry, rotting roots.
**Solutions:**
- Control watering strictly. Avoid overwatering and follow the principle of “watering when necessary, not just watering randomly.â€
- For disease prevention, apply fungicides like Volvo or Bromochlor. You can also use anti-nematode fertilizers such as Shi Jian Jian to manage nematode infestations.
Another farmer from Dong’a County, Liaocheng City, raised a similar concern. He noticed that the new leaves of his crops were completely yellow, yet the leaf shape remained intact. There were no visible spots or other signs of damage. What could be the reason?
This situation is likely due to an excess of phosphate fertilizer in the base fertilizer. Too much phosphate can inhibit the plant’s ability to absorb iron, leading to iron deficiency. Iron deficiency typically causes complete yellowing of new leaves while keeping the leaf structure normal. Additionally, excessive boron or zinc, along with too much water, can also interfere with iron uptake.
**Remedy:**
You can spray a foliar fertilizer containing iron, such as "Green Faster," or mix a solution of ferrous sulfate and water to apply directly to the leaves for quick absorption.
These issues highlight the importance of balanced nutrient management and proper irrigation practices in crop cultivation. Monitoring soil conditions and adjusting inputs accordingly can help prevent many common plant health problems.
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