China has been cultivating grapes for over 2,000 years, and throughout this long history, various trellis systems have developed based on regional climates. These include scaffolding and fence-style structures, each with its own benefits. However, none of them fully meet the demands of modern grape production. In recent years, through small-scale trials in Heyang County, the origin of Weibei in Shaanxi Province, and large-scale implementation in Red Globe Vineyards in Shanxi, the author has come to believe that the "V" shaped trellis system is currently the most suitable for grape cultivation.
The "V" shaped frame offers several advantages. First, it allows for early formation, early fruiting, and high yields. The trunk height of the "V" shape is typically between 0.8m and 1m. Whether using cuttings, grafted seedlings, or container-grown plants, as long as the seedlings are healthy and well-managed, the framework can be established quickly. This leads to a yield of about 500 kilograms per 7 square meters.
Second, the "V" frame ensures sufficient light and reduces the risk of sunburn. Unlike traditional bagging methods, which are not always reliable, the V-shaped structure provides natural shade from the leaves, preventing sunburn even on hot afternoons. Additionally, the branches are evenly distributed, allowing better air circulation and light penetration, which helps reduce pests and diseases and improves the quality of the fruit.
Third, the design facilitates both mechanical and manual operations. The wide row spacing makes it easier for machinery to perform deep fertilization, weeding, and spraying. Traditional high-trunk trellises require significant manual labor, especially during pruning and fruit bagging. In contrast, the lower fruit-bearing area of the "V" frame allows for more efficient hand work at chest level.
Fourth, the "V" frame is easier to manage in winter. High-trunk trellises are difficult to cover and prone to damage during cold seasons. With the "V" frame, the trunk is shorter, making it easier to bury soil and protect against frost. It also simplifies renewal, as new shoots can be easily selected from the base to replace older ones, minimizing yield loss.
In terms of structure, the "V" frame is set up with a spacing of 2.5–3 meters between rows and 1.5 meters between plants. The posts are 1.7 meters above the ground, with a horizontal crossbar of 1.5–1.7 meters. A second crossbar of 0.8–0.9 meters is placed in the middle, forming a total of three layers with five wires. This creates a stable and efficient "V" shape.
For pruning, the first year involves selecting one strong shoot and training it vertically along the first wire. In non-burial areas, when the plant reaches 0.8–1 meter, it is topped and fixed horizontally. In winter, the growth is pruned accordingly. In colder regions, the seedling is trained at an angle on the first wire without topping, allowing for one-sided horizontal growth. New shoots will appear on the arms within the same year, helping to build a strong framework for future production.
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