Tenebrio beetles typically mate during the night, and exposure to light during this process can be stressful, leading to interruption of mating. Therefore, it's essential to provide a dark environment to ensure successful mating and prolong the adult stage. Temperature also plays a crucial role in their reproductive behavior—mating is most effective when the temperature is between 20°C and 32°C. Outside this range, mating success may decrease. During the mating and egg-laying phases, it's important to provide nutrient-rich feed to support their physiological needs.
Most Tenebrio species available on the market have been bred for multiple generations over several years. As a result, many have experienced genetic degradation, leading to smaller body sizes, longer development times, lower reproductive output, and increased susceptibility to diseases. Some larvae may take nearly a year to develop, yet remain small and underdeveloped, or even show signs of deformities. This highlights the importance of regularly renewing breeding stocks, similar to practices in other aquaculture systems where selective breeding and seed improvement are critical for maintaining quality and productivity.
When selecting Tenebrio strains, breeders often look for individuals that are large in size, vibrant in color, and active in behavior. Enhancing nutrition from the larval stage through adulthood is key to improving overall health and reproductive performance. Adding supplements like royal jelly or specific spawning enhancers to their diet can stimulate fertility. Feeding them fresh vegetables, ensuring adequate vitamin intake, and maintaining optimal temperature, humidity, and population density can significantly improve the quality of the beetles and increase egg production. Regular cleaning of the manure is also important to prevent disease and maintain hygiene.
The breeding process of Tenebrio is complex, and we have primarily tested two approaches. One method involves using naturally occurring yellow mealworms for breeding, which can then be mixed with artificially cultivated populations to counteract the effects of inbreeding and genetic decline. Wild mealworms tend to be more robust and have higher vitality, allowing for crossbreeding with black mealworms. The resulting hybrids often exhibit strong viability and high reproductive rates, though they may take longer to mature. Hybrid breeding is a technically demanding process that requires careful management and gradual implementation over time.
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