Fermentation sawdust good substrate

Sawdust is a versatile and cost-effective substrate commonly used in soilless cultivation. It is widely available in many regions and offers several advantages, especially when used properly. Here are some key characteristics of sawdust as a growing medium:

Firstly, sawdust is lightweight, with a bulk density similar to that of perlite and vermiculite. This makes it ideal for long-distance transportation or high-rise gardening where weight is a concern. Its lightness also helps in root development by allowing good air circulation around the roots.

Secondly, sawdust has excellent water absorption and drainage properties. Most plants with thick roots benefit from its ability to retain moisture while still allowing excess water to drain away. In humid areas like southern cities or coastal regions, the moisture-holding capacity of sawdust is well-suited. However, in drier northern areas, the high permeability of sawdust can lead to rapid drying, which may harm plant roots. To prevent this, it's advisable to mix sawdust with peat to improve its moisture retention.

Another important aspect is the composition of sawdust. It contains approximately 58.4% carbon, 0.26% nitrogen (N), 0.08% hydrogen (H), and 2.6% ash. This results in a high carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, making it difficult to decompose naturally. Natural decomposition can take up to one or two years, but using a biological starter like Gumbol can significantly speed up the process. However, proper management is essential, particularly adjusting the C/N ratio. Adding an appropriate amount of nitrogen—such as urea or poultry manure—helps achieve a balanced ratio, which is crucial for successful fermentation.

The fermentation process involves several steps. First, prepare the materials: 2 cubic meters of sawdust, one bag of microbial fermenting agent, 2 kg of urea (or 50-100 kg of poultry manure), and 5 kg of rice bran. Next, adjust the moisture content to about 60-65%, which can be tested by squeezing a handful of sawdust—if no water drips out, it’s ready. Mix the urea with water to create a nutrient solution.

Then, evenly distribute the microbial agent and rice bran mixture into the sawdust pile. Sprinkle the urea solution over the pile and cover it with a breathable material. After 7-10 days, the temperature should reach around 60°C. At this point, turn the pile once and let it rest for 24-36 hours. Repeat the turning process when the temperature rises again, and after the second turn, allow it to sit for 5-7 days until the temperature stabilizes below 40°C. The entire process usually takes 25-30 days, though it can extend to 30-45 days if left to mature longer.

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