Fermentation sawdust good substrate
Sawdust is a versatile and cost-effective substrate commonly used in soilless cultivation, especially in regions where it's abundantly available. It offers several advantages that make it suitable for various growing environments. One of its key features is its lightweight nature, which closely resembles the bulk density of perlite and vermiculite. This makes it ideal for long-distance transportation or high-rise plant cultivation, as it reduces the overall weight and enhances handling efficiency.
In terms of water retention and drainage, sawdust has good moisture absorption and permeability. Most plants with thick roots tend to thrive in this medium, as it provides a balanced mix of air and moisture. For plants with fine roots, especially in humid southern cities or coastal areas like Jidandong, the moisture-holding capacity of sawdust is very appropriate. However, in drier northern regions, where the permeability of sawdust can lead to rapid drying, it may not be the best choice on its own. In such cases, mixing sawdust with peat can help maintain better moisture levels and support healthier root development.
Despite its benefits, sawdust has a high carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio—approximately 58.4% carbon, 0.26% nitrogen, 0.08% hydrogen, and 2.6% ash. This makes it a challenging material for natural decomposition, as it requires time and proper conditions to break down effectively. Without adequate nitrogen, the fermentation process can take up to one or two years. To speed things up, using a biological starter like Gumbol can significantly enhance the breakdown process. However, it’s essential to manage the C/N ratio correctly, as this is a critical factor in successful composting.
To optimize the fermentation of sawdust, you can follow these steps: First, prepare the materials. For every 2 cubic meters of sawdust, add one bag of microbial fermenting agent, 2 kg of urea (or 50–100 kg of poultry manure), and 5 kg of rice bran. Next, check the moisture level of the sawdust. The ideal moisture content should be around 60–65%, which can be roughly tested by squeezing a handful—if no water drips out, it’s just right. If needed, mix 2 kg of urea with water to create a urea solution for later use.
Then, evenly distribute the microbial agent. To ensure even mixing, combine one bag of the biofermenting agent with about 5 kg of rice bran, resulting in a total of 6 kg. This mixture can be easily spread over the sawdust pile. After spreading, pour the prepared urea water onto the sawdust and form a pile. Cover it with a breathable layer to maintain optimal conditions for fermentation.
After 7–10 days, the temperature inside the pile should rise to about 60°C. At this point, turn the pile once and let it rest for 24–36 hours at high temperature. Repeat the turning process when the temperature reaches 60°C again. After the second turn, leave it undisturbed for 5–7 days until the temperature stabilizes below 40°C. Under normal conditions, the fermentation process takes 25–30 days, though it can be extended to 30–45 days if the process is delayed. Once completed, the sawdust becomes a nutrient-rich substrate ready for use in soilless cultivation systems.
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