Urea serves as a valuable protein supplement for cattle because it can be broken down by microorganisms in the cow's rumen to produce bacterial protein, which helps reduce the need for traditional protein feeds. However, it's important to note that urea itself is not a true protein and its effectiveness depends on several factors. The decision to feed urea should be based on the quality and type of forage available. During winter and spring, when the main feed sources are dry materials like wheat straw, corn stalks, and hay, adding urea can be beneficial. In contrast, during summer and autumn, when green forages are more abundant, urea supplementation is generally less effective or even counterproductive.
Research has shown that when the crude protein content in the diet is below 11%, about 70% of the urea is efficiently utilized in the rumen, leading to noticeable improvements in weight gain. However, as the crude protein level increases beyond 12%, the benefits of urea diminish. At this point, feeding urea may not only fail to promote growth but could also negatively impact weight gain, causing the cattle to lose weight instead. Therefore, it's crucial to carefully assess the existing protein levels in the feed before deciding to include urea in the diet. Proper management ensures that urea is used effectively and safely, maximizing its benefits while avoiding potential risks.
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