Fertigation bed systems are widely used in modern pig farming due to their economic and environmental benefits. However, when it comes to sows, there are several factors that can impact the success of pregnancy and the health of piglets, particularly concerning stillbirths. This article explores key considerations for managing pregnant sows on a fermentation bed system.
Pregnant sows have a gestation period of approximately 114 days, during which proper care is essential to ensure healthy fetal development. The primary goals of feeding and management include reducing embryonic death, preventing miscarriage, and ensuring the sow’s body is prepared for lactation. Two critical periods during pregnancy require special attention: the first 20 days after mating, when embryos begin to implant, and the last few weeks before farrowing, when rapid fetal growth occurs.
During the early stages, environmental stressors such as high temperatures, poor ventilation, or exposure to toxins can significantly increase embryo mortality. Studies show that sows exposed to temperatures above 30°C, especially between 11–12 days post-mating, experience higher rates of embryonic loss. Therefore, maintaining a cool and clean environment is crucial. Using a fermentation bed system helps reduce harmful gases like ammonia by up to 96%, improving air quality and supporting better reproductive outcomes.
Nutritional balance is another vital factor. Deficiencies in protein, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals can lead to stillbirths, weak piglets, or even mummification. Providing a well-balanced diet ensures optimal fetal development and supports the sow’s immune system. Additionally, feeding strategies should be adjusted throughout pregnancy—increasing feed frequency in later stages while avoiding overfeeding, which can cause complications like dystocia or weak milk production.
Diseases such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), swine fever, and parvovirus can also contribute to reproductive failure. Vaccination should be carefully managed, with most vaccines administered during the first three weeks of pregnancy to avoid adverse effects. Medication use must also be monitored, as some drugs can trigger uterine contractions or affect fetal development.
Finally, during farrowing, ensuring proper birthing conditions is essential. Piglets are often at risk of suffocation due to placental issues or umbilical cord rupture. Monitoring the process and providing timely assistance can significantly reduce stillbirth rates. By combining good management practices, proper nutrition, and a supportive environment, farmers can improve sow productivity and piglet survival on a fermentation bed system.
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