Mushrooms are not only tender and delicious but also packed with nutritional value. In recent years, the price of straw mushrooms has been on a steady rise, making it a highly promising agricultural product. Additionally, straw mushrooms are a high-temperature species that can be harvested in as little as 10 to 14 days from sowing, with an entire crop ready in about a month. This makes them ideal for cultivation during the summer season when greenhouses are typically empty.
The main raw materials used in straw mushroom cultivation include wheat straw, corn stalks, and other agricultural byproducts. These materials help solve the problem of straw waste while keeping production costs low and the supply of raw materials abundant. The cultivation process is relatively simple and efficient. After harvesting, the leftover compost can be directly used as organic fertilizer, enriching the soil with organic matter, improving soil structure, and reducing harmful pathogens. This creates a more favorable environment for growing crops like sorghum or vegetables.
However, one challenge is that straw mushrooms require a high-temperature and high-humidity environment during growth. This can cause damage to greenhouse structures such as bamboo frames, metal racks, and wooden supports. As a result, they are rarely grown in new greenhouses. Instead, they are best suited for older greenhouses where the facilities are already worn out and less valuable. Cultivating straw mushrooms in these spaces not only helps maintain the structure but also improves soil quality and boosts overall yields.
To grow straw mushrooms successfully, follow these steps:
1. **Material Preparation**: Choose fresh wheat straw, corn stalks, or cottonseed hulls as the base material. Soak wheat straw in a 3% to 5% lime water solution for 24 hours, then drain and mix with gypsum, livestock manure, phosphate fertilizer, and ash. Build a compost pile with a width of 1.2 meters, height of 1 meter, and length over 1 meter. Make sure to create air vents in the pile and cover it with a plastic sheet to retain moisture. The final compost should have a soft texture, 70% moisture, and a pH around 9.
2. **Sowing Method**: A three-layer sowing technique is commonly used for higher yields. Start by spreading the prepared material on the ground, 30 to 40 cm wide and 10 cm thick. Broadcast mushroom spawn evenly across the layer. Then, add a layer of wheat bran soaked in 3% lime water and place it in the mushroom house for secondary fermentation. Repeat this process, building up layers of material and spawn until the bed is complete. Finally, cover the top with a thin layer of fertile sandy loam and spray 1% lime water to keep the soil moist before covering with plastic film.
3. **Post-Sowing Care**: Maintain the temperature of the culture material at around 36°C for the first few days, and remove the plastic cover for 2–4 days. Afterward, cover the bed with a 1 cm layer of fertile soil and spray 1% lime water to keep it moist. Keep the room temperature around 30°C and the material temperature at 35°C. Ensure proper ventilation, especially in the early stages. Spray the bed with mushroom water every 4–5 days, and ventilate after each spraying to avoid mycelium overgrowth. Under normal conditions, mushrooms will begin to form 6–7 days after sowing. At this stage, maintain a temperature of 33–35°C and humidity around 90%, with some indirect light. Avoid spraying water directly on the mushrooms; if needed, use warm water at around 30°C. Harvest the mushrooms approximately 10 days after sowing.
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