Reasons and Prevention of Eggplant Rotten Stalk

There are several diseases that can be caused by the rotting stalks of eggplants, including bacterial soft rot, black rot, stem rot, sclerotinia, and M. blight. In modern greenhouses, two main types of diseases are commonly observed due to this issue. **1. Bacterial Soft Rot** This disease typically begins through wounds caused by activities like harvesting leaves. Initially, the affected area appears pale brown and becomes soft. As the infection progresses, the outer layer of the stem and its inner pith turn brown and decay, leading to dehydration and shrinkage. However, symptoms on the upper parts of the plant may not be very noticeable. The vascular system remains unaffected at first. Over time, the upper leaves of the infected stem begin to wilt and die. A distinct, foul odor often accompanies the affected areas. This disease tends to be more severe in the front part of the greenhouse, especially where condensation from the plastic film is common. Bacteria cannot spread effectively without water droplets or existing wounds. Therefore, preventing and managing bacterial diseases should start with reducing humidity inside the greenhouse. Using drip irrigation, covering the greenhouse with proper films, and watering appropriately can help control moisture levels. After morning planting, short periods of ventilation can help remove high-humidity air and reduce condensation. Improving the greenhouse structure, such as using high-quality non-drip films, can also significantly lower the risk of disease occurrence. If the disease has already developed, you can treat the affected areas by applying 72% agricultural streptomycin diluted 1500 times, or 50% copper carboxylate (DT) at 200 times dilution, or 47% mancozeb at 200 times. For better results, combine these treatments with a spray of 72% agricultural streptomycin at 4000 times and 47% mancozeb at 600 times. Apply this treatment every 7 to 10 days for 2 to 3 consecutive times. **2. Black Rot** Black rot is another serious disease caused by the rotting of eggplant stalks. It primarily affects the base of the stem, causing it to shrink and sink. A dark brown moldy growth appears on the surface, and the inside of the stem turns brown. Cracks may form at the base, and the condition worsens over time. Early symptoms include dark brown spots that appear irregularly on the stem. These lesions can affect the veins and surrounding tissues, with a slightly lighter center. Severe cases lead to leaf death. To prevent and manage this disease, it's essential to disinfect the seeds before planting. You can mix 2.5% Shilok (10 ml) with 150–200 ml of water and apply it to 5–10 kg of seeds. Once the disease occurs, spraying with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder at 600 times dilution, or a combination of 50% carbendazim wettable powder at 600 times and 50% diclofenac copper (DT) at 500 times, can help control the spread. When spraying, make sure to cover all areas evenly, paying special attention to the base of the stems, which are usually the most affected parts.

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