Fertigation bed systems are increasingly used in pig farming, but many farmers still have concerns about its impact on sow reproduction, especially regarding the risk of stillbirth. This article explores key factors that influence the success of sows raised on fermentation beds and provides practical management tips to reduce stillbirth rates.
During pregnancy, sows go through several critical stages that require careful attention. The gestation period typically lasts 114 days, with the first 20 days being a crucial time for embryo attachment and placenta formation. During this phase, any stress or nutritional deficiency can lead to high embryonic mortality. The second critical period occurs around day 90 of pregnancy, when the fetus grows rapidly, requiring more nutrients and proper care to ensure healthy development.
Environmental conditions play a major role in sow health. High temperatures, poor air quality, and overcrowding can all contribute to increased stillbirth rates. Sows are particularly sensitive to heat stress, which can significantly lower embryo survival. To combat this, it's essential to maintain a cool, well-ventilated environment using fans, air conditioners, and cooling pads. Additionally, the use of fermentation bed technology helps reduce harmful gases like ammonia, improving overall air quality and creating a healthier living space for sows.
Nutritional management is also vital. A balanced diet rich in protein, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals ensures proper fetal development and reduces the risk of stillbirths. Deficiencies in calcium, phosphorus, iron, or vitamin E, for example, can lead to weak piglets, mummified fetuses, or even miscarriages. Feeding practices should be adjusted throughout the gestation period, with increased feed frequency in the later stages to support the growing fetus.
Disease prevention is another important factor. Vaccinations should be carefully timed to avoid negative effects on the developing embryos. Certain medications and herbs should also be avoided during pregnancy, as they may cause uterine contractions or fetal abnormalities.
Finally, proper birthing assistance is crucial. Many stillbirths occur due to complications during labor, such as umbilical cord rupture or oxygen deprivation. Farmers should monitor sows closely during farrowing and provide timely intervention when needed.
By implementing these best practices, farmers can improve sow reproductive performance, reduce stillbirth rates, and ultimately enhance the productivity and profitability of their pig farming operations.
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