Mushrooms are not only tender and delicious but also packed with nutrients. In recent years, the price of straw mushrooms has been on a steady rise, making it a promising crop for farmers. Additionally, straw mushrooms are a high-temperature species that can be harvested in as little as 10 to 14 days from sowing, with an entire crop cycle taking around one month. This makes them ideal for summer cultivation during the off-season when greenhouses are otherwise unused.
The main raw materials used for growing straw mushrooms include wheat straw, corn stalks, and cottonseed hulls. These materials help address the issue of straw waste while offering low production costs and easy access to resources. The cultivation process is relatively simple and efficient. After harvesting, the leftover compost can be directly used as fertilizer, improving soil structure by increasing organic matter content, enhancing soil permeability, and reducing harmful pathogens. This makes the soil more suitable for growing other crops like sorghum or vegetables.
However, there's a challenge: straw mushrooms require a hot and humid environment, which can damage greenhouse structures such as bamboo poles, steel frames, and wooden supports. Because of this, they are rarely grown in new greenhouses. Instead, they are best suited for older greenhouses where the infrastructure is already in place and less vulnerable to damage. This not only helps maintain the facilities but also improves soil quality and boosts overall yield.
To grow straw mushrooms successfully, follow these steps:
1. **Material Preparation**: Choose fresh wheat straw, corn stalks, or cottonseed hulls. For example, take wheat straw and soak it in a 3% to 5% lime solution for 24 hours. After draining, mix in gypsum, livestock manure, phosphate fertilizer, and wood ash. Create a compost pile about 1.2 meters wide, 1 meter high, and over 1 meter long. Make sure to create ventilation holes and cover it with a plastic sheet to retain moisture. The final compost should be soft, with a moisture content of around 70% and a pH level of approximately 9.
2. **Sowing Process**: Use a three-layer method for better yield. Start by spreading the compost material on the ground, about 30–40 cm wide and 10 cm thick. Sprinkle mushroom spawn evenly over the base layer. Soak wheat bran in 3% lime water and let it ferment in the mushroom house. Then, spread another layer of wheat bran 10 cm wide at the center, followed by another layer of compost and spawn. Finally, cover the top with a final layer of compost and sprinkle more spawn on the surface. Cover everything with a plastic sheet.
3. **Post-Sowing Care**: Maintain the temperature of the compost around 36°C for the first few days, keeping the plastic sheet open for 2–4 days. Then, add a thin layer (about 1 cm) of fertile sandy loam on top and spray 1% lime water to keep the soil moist. Cover again with plastic. Keep the room temperature around 30°C and the compost temperature around 35°C. Ensure proper ventilation after each watering session. Avoid closing the vents immediately after spraying, as this could hinder mycelium growth. The first signs of mushrooms typically appear 6–7 days after sowing. At this point, ensure proper insulation, moisture, and light conditions. The compost temperature should stay between 33–35°C, and the air humidity should be around 90%. Avoid direct watering on the mushrooms. If the humidity is too low, use warm water (around 30°C) to mist the area. Harvest the mushrooms about 10 days after sowing.
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