Pruning and training new apricot trees is essential for developing a strong, productive structure. First, thinning and weeding the new branches is crucial. When branches are too dense, they compete for resources, leading to poor fruit development. Conversely, when branches are spaced properly, they can grow stronger and produce more fruit. Therefore, any branches that are not in the right position or are not intended for future growth should be removed promptly to ensure optimal tree health.
Second, topping the central leader involves cutting off the top buds of the apricot head. Typically, about 10 cm of the young growth is removed, leaving 4 to 6 secondary branches below the cut. This practice encourages the growth of new shoots, especially on young trees, and helps shape the canopy. For weak or horizontal branches, a lighter cut can stimulate growth, while on vigorous branches, a heavier cut can redirect energy toward fruiting rather than excessive vegetative growth, improving fruit set.
Third, when there are gaps in the tree’s structure, it's important to fill them by bending or pulling branches into place. This helps balance the crown and expands the area where fruits can develop. During the early stages of training, support sticks or ropes can be used to guide branches into the desired position, ensuring the main branches of the first layer maintain an angle of around 60 degrees for better light exposure and structural strength.
Fourth, removing unwanted buds from the trunk and main branches helps conserve energy for more productive parts of the tree. These buds, if left unchecked, can divert nutrients away from the main branches and fruiting areas.
Fifth, allowing the extended branches and main fruiting branches to grow without interference during the current season promotes further elongation of the canopy. This helps increase the overall fruit-bearing surface, which is critical for long-term productivity.
Lastly, any unwanted rootstock growth, such as suckers or earthworms, should be removed immediately if they are not intended to become new trees. These roots can drain valuable nutrients from the main tree, reducing its overall vigor and yield. By carefully managing these aspects, you can ensure your apricot trees develop into strong, well-structured, and highly productive plants.
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