On August 23, 2005, experts from the Department of Science and Education of the Ministry of Agriculture conducted an appraisal of the molecular breeding technology system of three-line hybrid cotton for transgenic insects, which was chaired by Guo Sanhe, a researcher at the Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This result is a key support project of the National 863 Program. Deputy Director-General Shi Yanquan of the Department of Science and Education of the Ministry of Agriculture presided over the appraisal meeting. Deputy Director of the Dao Daochang Biotechnology Development Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Director Wang Zhen of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Deputy Director Liu Xu of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the Academy of Science and Technology Leaders of the Institute of Biotechnology and others participated in the appraisal meeting.
An appraisal committee composed of experts such as Academician Li Zhensheng and Academician Dai Jingrui carefully listened to the comprehensive research report of the researcher Guo Sanhei and carefully reviewed the relevant technical data and supporting materials. Through inquiry and discussion, they unanimously believed that the results will be genetic engineering technology. Combined with the utilization of heterosis, it overcomes a series of major problems such as stenosis of the restoring lines of the three-line hybrid cotton, lack of insect resistance, unstable fertility, and inconsistency of heterosis, resulting in important innovations in the following areas:
1. Based on the original monovalent and bivalent insect-resistant gene research, a genetic engineering technology was used to develop a fusion of insect-resistant genes and their high-efficient expression vectors, which effectively solved the problem of difficulty in synchronous and efficient expression of two insect-resistant genes in transgenic cotton. .
2. Insect-resistant genes were introduced into superior cotton varieties through Agrobacterium-mediated and pollen tube pathways, and more than 40 new germplasms and new varieties (lines) with pest resistance of over 90% were obtained. Cotton breeding provides a wealth of insect-resistant maintenance materials.
3. A large number of insect-resistant maintainer lines and the conventional sterile line 26A (104-7A derived line) of upland cotton were used as the basic materials. Through backcross breeding and molecular identification, 27 (7 monovalent and 20 bivalent) were bred. ) Sterility, sterility, and sterility were all up to 100% in upland cotton cytoplasmic male sterile male sterile lines.
4. Using genetic engineering techniques and backcross breeding methods, the insect-resistant genes were introduced into the conventional restorer lines 18R, 19R and 20R with excellent yield and quality, and 7 were bred (3 unit price, 3 double price, 1 fusion ) The recovery rate is up to 100% of the strong insect recovery system.
5, using 3 conventional excellent restorer lines and 7 strong restorer lines with insect resistance gene and insect-resistant sterile lines, a group of selected and bred than the control conventional insect-resistant cotton yield significantly or excellent quality, strong insect resistance The new combination. Among them, sGKz8 in the national variety regional experiment from 2003 to 2004, seed cotton, lint, and pre-frost lint were 121.1%, 126.4%, and 129.2% of the control variety Zhongmian 41 respectively, ranking the first, and passed the national examination in 2005. It is China's first three-line hybrid cotton new variety with two pairs of insect-resistant genes; another three combinations of GKz28, sGKz6 and sGKz34 are participating in the national regional trial.
6. The cost of three-line hybrid cotton seed production for transgenic insects can generally be reduced by 50% compared with other hybrid cotton seeds, and the seed purity can reach 100%. The seed production procedure is simple, and the seed production efficiency and seed production yield are high, which is beneficial to the resistance. Insect hybrid cotton is widely used.
The appraisal committee also made suggestions for further studies in the future: It is hoped that the project completion unit will further accelerate the promotion of approved varieties and optimize the molecular breeding system; it is hoped that relevant state departments will continue to increase support for relevant research.
China is a big cotton producing country and a major consumer of raw cotton. Cotton is one of China's most important economic crops and strategic materials. At present, China’s annual cotton planting area is about 8,000 mu, and total production and annual consumption are about 5 million tons. . Research on the Molecular Breeding Technique System of Three-line Hybrid Cotton Transgenic with Insect Resistance Gene Supported by the National "863" Program, overcomes the lack of insect resistance, weak fertility, restorer line stenosis, and cytoplasmic sterility of the original three-line hybrid cotton. The negative effects caused the bottleneck problem of incapability of scale production and application. A series of three-line hybrid cotton varieties with significant or superior quality and high insect-resistance in comparison with conventional control insect-resistant cotton were selected. The existing insect-resistant three-line hybrid cotton increased the yield by more than 25% over the conventional control insect-resistant cotton, that is, it could increase the production of 20-25 kilograms of lint per acre; the seed production cost was reduced by about 50%. In China, there are nearly 30 million mu of cotton planting area where the hybrid cotton has significant benefits. If the area to be promoted is estimated at 20 million mu/year, the output of lint can be increased by more than 400,000 tons, equivalent to the current total output of 5 million mu of conventional cotton fields. 4.8 billion yuan. In addition, it can also reduce the amount of pesticides, protect the ecological environment, and thus has enormous economic, social and ecological benefits.
This achievement has for the first time successfully created a new system combining conventional breeding and molecular breeding of high-yield, high-purity, high-efficiency, large-scale, low-cost, and directly applied transgenic insect-resistant three-line hybrid cotton. The obvious innovation is a major breakthrough in cotton breeding, and the overall technology ranks first in the world.
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