The US media reported on September 13 that an outbreak of mononuclear Listeria monocytogenes has occurred in six US states. At present, 16 people have been infected and 4 people have died. Four deaths are from Colorado and New Mexico. The first person who has the disease and eats cantaloupe Relevant, but the exact source of the outbreak is still under investigation.
In fact, as early as 1999, the United States experienced the most serious food poisoning incident in the United States caused by the consumption of contaminated Listeria monocytogenes “hot dogs†and cooked meat. 14 people in Michigan died of serious infections in the United States. In the other 22 states, 97 people suffer from the disease and 6 women have miscarriage. In 2008, there were also incidents of food-contaminated Listeria monocytogenes infection and death. In 2009, the mononuclear Listeria monocytogenes infection in Denmark resulted in 97 cases of bacteremia and meningitis, which greatly exceeded that of previous years. The victims were mostly pregnant women and elderly persons over 70 years of age.
The mononuclear Listeria monocytogenes infection does not only occur in Europe and the United States, but also in China. It occurs in Beijing and occurs in our side. In June and August of this year, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Infection and Clinical Microbiology Department successively treated 2 pregnant women 5-6 months pregnant, due to monosodium monosodium infection caused severe sepsis, fetal intrauterine infection, fetal death, abortion. The symptoms of these two pregnant women were very similar and all showed acute onset, chills, high fever, accompanied by vomiting, abdominal discomfort but no diarrhea. A few days after the fetus died, the fetus died. Both patients were positive for blood culture and were identified as Listeria monocytogenes. One case of placental tissue in pregnant women also produced Listeria monocytogenes, indicating that mothers were infected first, causing sepsis, infection of the fetus through the placenta, and intrauterine fetal death. Two infected pregnant women received penicillin treatment and were discharged. However, both fetuses died, causing eternal pain to both families. We asked about medical history. One of the pregnant women stated that because of the hot weather, they usually enjoy drinking mineral water that has been chilled in the refrigerator freezer.
There is indeed a deadly killer in our fridge - Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria monocytogenes is a common soil bacterium that is ubiquitous in the environment. It is a saprophytic in the soil and feeds on dead and rotting organic matter. Listeria monocytogenes is characterized by: First, widely distributed: in the soil, water areas (surface water, sewage, wastewater), insects, plants, vegetables, fish, birds, wild animals, poultry; Second, the ability to survive: can Survival at 2°C-42°C (also reported as slow growth at 0°C) occurs in the refrigerator freezer for a longer period of time; even under acidic and alkaline conditions.
Therefore, Listeria monocytogenes is one of the major pathogens that threaten human health. Listeria monocytogenes can be found in most foods. Foods with high levels of bacteria include: milk and dairy products, meat (especially beef), vegetables, fruits, salads, seafood, and ice cream.
Listeria monocytogenes is mainly (90%) infected by eating contaminated food, but diarrhea is rare. Infected patients often experience high fever, muscle pain, vomiting, headaches, convulsions, stiff neck, coma, and death. Pregnant women can infect the fetus or newborn through the placenta or the birth canal and cause miscarriage or stillbirth.
The duration of infection with Listeria monocytogenes was 3-70 days and the average incubation period was 3 weeks. Whether the bacteria enters the human body is related to the amount of bacteria and the age of the host immune state, because the bacteria is an intracellular parasite, the host to eliminate it mainly rely on cellular immune function, therefore, susceptible to newborns, pregnant women, 60 Adults over the age of one who have undergone transplant immunodeficiency and who have long-term chronic conditions. Among them, pregnant women are the most important vulnerable groups. Of all patients infected with Listeria monocytogenes, pregnant women account for one-third.
The mononuclear Listeria monocytogenes infection has a serious illness and a high mortality rate. The literature reports that the mortality rate is as high as 20%-30%. Two cases of sepsis pregnant women admitted to our hospital this year were actively treated and all were discharged. The key to successful treatment is our ability to obtain timely diagnosis of pathogens. Blood culture is the only means to diagnose such infections. If the patient is accompanied by meningitis, it can also be confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid culture. The significance of etiological diagnosis is that doctors prefer to use cephalosporin antibiotics for patients with suspected fever. However, cephalosporins are not effective against such Listeria monocytogenes, but the cheapest penicillin is effective. The first pregnant woman we treated was switched to several cephalosporins in the outer court, but continued to heat up. When the etiology of Listeria monocytogenes was clear, penicillin was used instead to cure it.
In food processing, food center temperature must reach 70 °C for more than 2 minutes to sterilize. Because mononuclear Listeria monocytogenes is widespread in nature, even if the product has been overheated and processed sufficiently to inactivate Listeria monocytogenes, it may cause secondary contamination of the product. Moreover, L. monocytogenes grows well at 4°C, so unheated refrigerator foods increase the risk of food poisoning.
Therefore, we must be alert to the killer in the refrigerator, Listeria monocytogenes. Refrigerator food must be fully heated before eating.
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