China has been cultivating grapes for over 2,000 years, and throughout this long history, different regions have developed various trellis systems based on local climate conditions. These include scaffolding and fence structures, each with its own unique benefits. However, none of them fully meet the demands of modern grape production. Recent field trials in Heyang County, the origin of Weibei in Shaanxi Province, and large-scale implementation at Red Globe Vineyard in Shanxi have led to the conclusion that the "V" shaped trellis is currently the most effective system.
The "V" shaped frame offers several significant advantages. First, it promotes early formation, early fruiting, and high yields. The trunk height of a "V" shaped structure is typically between 0.8m and 1m. Whether using cutting seedlings, grafted seedlings, or nursery-bagged seedlings, as long as they are healthy and well-managed, the framework can be established quickly. This allows for an output of about 500 kg per 7 square meters.
Second, the "V" shape ensures better light exposure and reduces the risk of sunburn. Unlike traditional bagging methods, which are not always reliable, the "V" frame naturally shades the fruit through leaf coverage. This helps prevent sunburn even during the hottest parts of the day. Additionally, the even distribution of branches improves air circulation and light penetration, reducing pests and diseases while increasing the quality of the fruit.
Third, the "V" frame makes both mechanical and manual operations more efficient. Its wide row spacing allows for easier use of machinery for deep plowing, weeding, and spraying. Traditional high-trunk trellises require labor-intensive tasks such as pruning, tip pinching, and bagging, which are time-consuming and physically demanding. With the "V" frame, most of the work can be done at chest level, making it more comfortable and efficient for workers.
Fourth, the "V" frame is safer and easier to manage in winter. High trunks are difficult to bury in cold climates and can lead to trunk damage or root issues. In contrast, the lower trunk height of the "V" frame makes it easier to cover and protect from frost. It also simplifies the renewal process. By keeping two strong shoots at the base each year, the old vines can be replaced without significantly affecting the yield.
In terms of structure, the "V" frame is designed with a spacing of 2.5 to 3 meters between rows and 1.5 meters between plants. The posts are 1.7 meters tall, with a long crossarm of 1.5 to 1.7 meters at the top. A shorter crossarm of 0.8 to 0.9 meters is placed in the middle, connecting to the first wire. Each end of the crossarm is tied to a wire, creating a total of three layers with five wires, forming the distinct "V" shape.
For pruning, the first year after planting involves selecting one strong shoot and training it vertically on the first wire. If the area doesn't require winter burial, the plant is topped when it reaches 0.8 to 1 meter and tied horizontally to form the main arms of the "V". In colder areas, the shoot is trained at an angle on the first wire without topping, allowing for one-sided growth. New shoots will develop on the arms during the same growing season.
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