Xuzhou and Lianyungang cities in northern Jiangsu Province are known for their advanced methods of cultivating peaches under sunlight. These regions have adopted a comprehensive approach that includes variety selection, tree management, greenhouse timing, fertilization, fruit management, and pest control to ensure high-quality production.
First, the choice of peach varieties plays a crucial role. Early-fruiting types such as Premosa honey, Huiyulu, Zaohualu, Yuhualu, Annon Shuimi, Xiahui No. 1, Chunfeng, Chunyan, Zaohong No. 2, Shuguang, May Fire, and early Micron nectarines are commonly selected. In greenhouses, two or three compatible cultivars with similar flowering periods are planted together to enhance cross-pollination and improve fruit set rates.
Second, planting and tree shaping are carefully managed. High-density planting is used with spacing between 1.2 to 2.5 meters and 0.9 to 1.5 meters between rows. Before planting, trenches are dug and enriched with organic fertilizer. After planting, plastic film is used to cover the trees, helping increase survival rates and promote growth. In the early stages, sufficient water is provided to support development. When new shoots reach 50 cm, a 15% paclobutrazol solution (150–200 times diluted) is applied weekly to regulate growth. Tree shapes include two main branches, a happy shape, or a trunk and fan shape. After flowering, buds at the cut sites and dense buds are removed. Twenty days after flowering, non-fruit-bearing and dense branches are pruned, and new shoots are picked to encourage fruit development. During the hard core period, excessive new growth is trimmed continuously. During fruit coloring, leaves blocking light are removed. After harvest, fruit branches are pruned while maintaining the original tree structure. Pruning and chemical regulation help keep the tree height within 1 to 2 meters.
Third, the timing of greenhouse covering and management is critical. The earliest covering can begin in late December, usually around January, depending on weather conditions. Fertilizers are adjusted based on soil conditions before covering. Organic manure is used, and watering is done when necessary. One month before covering, mulch is applied after watering to raise soil temperature. Artificial dormancy breaking is carried out for 15–20 days. During the day, shading is used to maintain low temperatures, and at night, straw is removed to lower the temperature, allowing the trees to go through dormancy. After covering, the temperature is kept between 15–20°C for 7–10 days. Ventilation is controlled to manage temperature, and curtains are opened early in the morning and closed by 4 p.m. During the coldest months, kraft paper is placed under straw to improve insulation. Minimum temperatures during flowering are maintained above 5°C. When temperatures rise, ventilation and shade are used to cool down. In May, when nighttime temperatures exceed 10°C, the grass curtain is removed. Temperature stability is important during flowering and early fruit growth to avoid adverse effects from large temperature fluctuations. Even on rainy days, warmth is provided. Reflective films are used on the ground and on the back walls of greenhouses to increase light scattering. On overcast or rainy days, incandescent lights are used to supplement light and improve fruit quality.
Fourth, proper watering and fertilization are essential. Flood irrigation is used, with small waterings during sprouting (1–2 times). Watering is generally avoided during flowering, and one watering is given before fruit expansion. Fertilization occurs before germination, after fruit setting, before ripening, and after harvest. Organic fertilizers are primarily used, combined with compound fertilizers. Trenches are prepared 40–50 cm from the trunk, and soil is covered after application. Drainage is important during the rainy season to prevent waterlogging. After fruit set, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or calcium superphosphate solutions (2–3%) are sprayed 2–3 times before ripening. During fruit set and early growth, a 0.02% potassium sulfate solution is applied to enhance fruit quality.
Fifth, flower and fruit management involves artificial pollination when pollen varieties are fully open, or bees are introduced into greenhouses for natural pollination.
Sixth, pest and disease control is vital. Common pests include aphids, red spider mites, leaf miners, and diseases like bacterial canker, anthracnose, and root rot. Aphid control uses speed killing Ding 2000 times, net 1500 times, or endosulfan 1500 times. Red spider mites are controlled with nidrasulfide 2500 times or mothrazone 2500 times. Leaf miners are managed with diflubenzuron 3 or mothrozole 2000 times. Bacterial canker and anthracnose are treated with lime sulfur (4–5 Baume) before bud break, Dysonem 65% 500 times after flowering, and thiophanate-methyl 1000 times before ripening. Root diseases are prevented with thiophanate-methyl 600–800 times or multi-effects 1500 times.
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