**Drought-Resistant Agricultural Practices for Various Crops**
**I. Rice**
(1) Select drought-tolerant rice varieties, such as upland rice or large-stemmed cultivars, which are more resilient to dry conditions than traditional types. Hybrid rice often performs better under drought stress. Local farmers should choose varieties that match their specific soil and climate conditions, ensuring strong root development and a suitable growth cycle.
(2) Implement centralized and continuous education programs for farmers, focusing on water-efficient techniques. Establishing breeding areas near water sources allows for better technical guidance and facilitates the management of irrigation systems, improving overall efficiency.
(3) Promote the use of dry seedling technology in woven cloth compartments. Using permeable materials like gauze helps maintain moisture while allowing for easy transplanting, reducing labor and increasing seedling survival rates.
(4) Introduce no-till and dry-cultivation techniques, where rice is grown using natural rainfall or limited irrigation. This method reduces the need for frequent watering and helps conserve soil moisture.
(5) Apply straw mulching after planting. Covering the soil with straw minimizes evaporation and suppresses weed growth. Ensure the soil is adequately moist before applying the mulch.
(6) Use chemical regulators like paclobutrazol to control plant growth and extend the growing period. Spraying this agent at the 3-leaf stage can improve drought resistance and enhance yield potential.
(7) Adopt water-saving technologies such as organic fertilizer application, timely weeding, and the use of transpiration agents. Drip irrigation and water vapor balance methods also help reduce water usage while maintaining crop health.
**II. Corn**
(a) Practice drought-resistant sowing techniques, including no-till straw mulching, uniform sowing, and seed soaking. These methods help retain soil moisture and support early germination.
(b) Protect seedlings by ensuring access to water, applying seedling fertilizer, and covering the soil with straw. This reduces moisture loss and improves plant resilience during dry periods.
**III. Potato**
Prolonged drought can reduce photosynthesis, delay tuber formation, and lower yield and quality. Farmers should promptly irrigate and use water-saving irrigation techniques like drip or sprinkler systems to maintain soil moisture.
**IV. Soybean**
Choose drought-tolerant varieties such as Guichun No. 8 and Guixia No. 3. Apply organic fertilizers, implement soil conservation practices, and use mulch or plastic film to retain moisture and protect against dry conditions.
**V. Rape**
Avoid flooding and ensure proper irrigation. Cover inter-row spaces with rice straw or corn stalks to reduce evaporation. Combine fertilization with cultivation to promote healthy growth and disease prevention.
**VI. Sugarcane**
Plant drought-resistant varieties like Taiwan Youyu and Xintai Sugar 25. Use deep plowing and mulching to enhance soil moisture retention. Apply water-saving techniques such as drip irrigation and cover sugarcane with mulch or leaves to reduce evaporation.
**VII. Vegetables**
Select drought-resistant, fast-growing varieties and use mulching and anti-drought agents to reduce water loss. Implement drip irrigation and micro-sprinklers to improve water use efficiency, especially in high-altitude areas.
**VIII. Edible Mushrooms**
Ensure proper site selection with access to water and good irrigation facilities. Maintain optimal temperature and humidity levels, and use shade and ventilation to prevent overheating. Proper handling of infected stems and reuse of culture materials can help sustain production.
**IX. Cassava**
Use plastic film to retain soil moisture after planting. Avoid exposing stems to dry air, and keep them covered with straw or mulch. Water seedlings promptly if drought occurs to prevent dehydration.
**X. Fruit Trees**
Citrus, bananas, litchi, longan, and mango require careful watering during dry periods. For new orchards, prune excess branches to reduce water loss and apply mulch around the base to conserve moisture.
**XI. Tea Gardens**
Cover tea bushes with grass or straw to retain moisture. Fertilize with biogas liquid or foliar sprays to support plant health. Avoid deep plowing during dry seasons to prevent root damage.
**XII. Pest and Disease Control in Dry Areas**
Implement scientific irrigation, field management, and physical pest control methods like insect traps and pheromone lures. Use chemical controls only when necessary, following local guidelines to avoid harm to the environment.
**XIII. Drought-Resistant Rice and Maize Varieties**
Examples include Peigui Guihan No. 1 and Dry You 3 for rice, and Zhengda 619 and Decathlon 007 for corn. These varieties offer improved drought resistance and yield, making them suitable for various regions in Guangxi.
By adopting these practices, farmers can better manage water resources and maintain productivity even under challenging climatic conditions.
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