**Drought-Resistant Agricultural Practices and Crop Management**
**I. Rice**
1. **Select Drought-Tolerant Varieties**: Upland rice is generally more drought-tolerant than conventional varieties. Large-stemmed and hybrid rice varieties show greater resilience to dry conditions. Local farmers should choose varieties suited to their specific climate, with strong root systems and appropriate growth periods.
2. **Implement Centralized Education and Training**: Establishing breeding areas near water sources facilitates technical guidance and improves the efficiency of irrigation and water management. This approach helps in managing multiple fields and ensures better control over water distribution.
3. **Promote Dry Seedling Technology in Woven Cloth Pots**: Using breathable woven cloth or gauze allows for better soil aeration and moisture retention. This method results in stronger, more flexible seedlings that are easier to transplant and handle, reducing labor costs and increasing planting speed.
4. **Adopt No-Till and Dry-Cultivation Techniques**: These methods involve using natural rainfall or controlled watering to grow rice without traditional plowing. This technique reduces water usage and maintains soil structure, making it ideal for dryland farming.
5. **Straw Mulching**: After sowing, covering the soil with straw between rows reduces evaporation and suppresses weed growth. Before applying straw, ensure the soil is adequately moist to support germination and early growth.
6. **Chemical Regulation and Aging Extension**: Applying paclobutrazol after the third leaf stage helps control plant height and prolongs the growing period. This enhances drought resistance and improves overall yield.
7. **Water-Saving Technologies**: Techniques such as organic fertilizer application, timely weeding, transpiration agents, and water-vapor balance irrigation help conserve water while maintaining crop health.
**II. Corn**
1. **Drought-Resistant Sowing Methods**:
- **No-Till Straw Mulch Sowing**: Plant seeds in pre-dug holes with fertilizer, cover with straw to retain moisture.
- **Uniform Sowing and Transplanting**: Concentrate seedlings in easily irrigated areas and transplant them after rain.
- **Soaking Seeds**: Soak seeds before planting to enhance germination and reduce water stress.
2. **Drought Protection Measures**: Ensure access to water and apply seedling fertilizer. Cover crops with straw to reduce evaporation and maintain soil moisture.
**III. Potato**
Prolonged drought can shorten the growth period, reduce photosynthesis, and affect tuber formation. To mitigate this:
- Use available water sources for irrigation.
- Apply drip or sprinkler irrigation.
- Avoid flooding; only half the ditch should be filled with water.
**IV. Soybean**
1. **Use Drought-Resistant Varieties**: Examples include Guichun No. 8 and Guixia No. 3, which are bred for drought tolerance.
2. **Apply Organic Fertilizer**: Increases soil moisture retention by up to 60%.
3. **Soil Moisture Conservation**: Cultivate regularly to prevent erosion and retain moisture.
4. **Covering Techniques**: Use plastic film or straw mulch to protect young plants from drought.
5. **Avoid Deep Soil Disturbance**: Minimize soil disruption in spring to prevent moisture loss.
**V. Rape (Mustard)**
1. **Avoid Flooding**: Use drip or furrow irrigation instead of flooding.
2. **Ground Cover**: Apply rice straw or corn stalks between rows to reduce evaporation.
3. **Fertilization**: Combine irrigation with fertilization to improve nutrient uptake.
4. **Pest Control**: Spray insecticides to manage aphids and other pests during dry periods.
**VI. Sugarcane**
1. **Choose Drought-Resistant Varieties**: Such as Taiwan Youyu and Xintai Sugar 25.
2. **Deep Plowing**: Enhances water retention and root development.
3. **Water Conservation Techniques**: Include organic fertilizer, proper irrigation, and cane tip utilization.
4. **Comprehensive Drought Prevention**: Implement "three wet" practices, use mulch, and promote intercropping.
**VII. Vegetables**
1. **Select Drought-Resistant Varieties**: Choose fast-growing, disease-resistant types.
2. **Mulching and Film Use**: Reduce evaporation with plastic or straw mulch.
3. **Efficient Fertilization**: Use organic manure and biogas liquid to improve soil quality.
4. **Water-Saving Irrigation**: Drip or micro-sprinkler systems increase water use efficiency.
5. **Micro-Irrigation**: Ideal for high-altitude areas and solanaceous vegetables.
**VIII. Edible Mushrooms**
1. **Site Selection**: Choose locations close to water sources with good irrigation facilities.
2. **Scientific Inoculation**: Deep inoculation improves drought resistance.
3. **Optimal Stacking**: Arrange mushroom sticks in well-ventilated areas to maintain humidity.
4. **Temperature and Humidity Control**: Keep temperatures below 33°C and humidity around 70%.
5. **Rotten Stick Management**: Remove infected sticks promptly to prevent contamination.
6. **Reuse Culture Materials**: Reuse healthy culture materials for future crops.
**IX. Cassava**
1. **Plastic Film Cultivation**: Helps retain soil moisture and supports early growth.
2. **Proper Planting Time**: Avoid planting during severe droughts.
3. **Stem Protection**: Keep stems moist and covered with straw or film to prevent dehydration.
**X. Fruit Trees**
1. **Citrus**: Maintain soil moisture during flowering to support pollination.
2. **Bananas**: Water seedlings when drought occurs and avoid high-temperature burns.
3. **Litchi and Longan**: Irrigate during hot, dry weather to support flower development.
4. **Mango**: Provide adequate water to prevent fruit drop.
5. **Deciduous Trees**: Ensure timely irrigation after blooming to reduce fruit drop.
6. **New Orchards**: Prune excess branches and apply root water to reduce water loss.
**XI. Tea Gardens**
1. **Grass Covering**: Plant grass between tea bushes to retain moisture.
2. **Fertilization**: Use biogas liquids or foliar sprays to enhance growth.
3. **Timely Harvesting**: Reduce water consumption by harvesting at the right time.
4. **Irrigation**: Use existing irrigation systems or invest in new equipment if necessary.
5. **Shallow Weeding**: Avoid deep plowing during dry seasons to protect roots.
**XII. Pest and Disease Control in Arid Areas**
1. **Water Balance Management**: Prevent water accumulation to reduce disease risk.
2. **Field Management**: Deep plowing and pruning help eliminate pests and diseases.
3. **Physical Control**: Use light traps, colored boards, and pheromone lures to control pests.
4. **Spring Flooding**: Flood fields to kill overwintering pests.
5. **Chemical Control**: Use approved pesticides responsibly and avoid highly toxic substances.
**XIII. Drought-Resistant Rice and Maize Varieties**
1. **Rice Varieties**:
- **Peigui Guihan No. 1**: A two-line hybrid with good drought resistance and yields around 400 kg/acre.
- **Dry You 3**: A three-line hybrid with a growth period of 127 days and drought resistance level 3.
2. **Corn Varieties**:
- **Zhengda 619**: Resistant to lodging, yields 450–550 kg/acre.
- **Decathlon 007**: Strong drought resistance, high yield, and resistant to several diseases.
These practices and techniques provide a comprehensive approach to managing drought in agriculture, ensuring sustainable crop production even under challenging climatic conditions.
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