How to Turn Rice Husk into a High-Quality Fermentation Matrix
Rice husk is a byproduct of rice processing, and its composition varies depending on the variety, origin, and method of processing. On average, it contains about 12% moisture, 36% carbon, 0.48% nitrogen, 0.32% phosphorus, and 0.27% potassium. While its composition is somewhat similar to rice straw, rice husk has significantly higher levels of silica, making it more challenging to work with in fermentation. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of rice husk can be as high as 75.6%, which makes it one of the more difficult organic materials to ferment effectively. This high C:N ratio means that microbial activity is often limited unless the material is properly conditioned.
To improve the fermentation process, it's recommended to first treat the rice husk with urea or livestock urine to increase the nitrogen content and balance the ratio. This step helps create a more favorable environment for microorganisms during the fermentation process.
Here’s how to proceed: Start by gathering the materials—approximately 1 ton of rice husk, 4 kg of urea, and 10 kg of rice bran. Next, moisten the rice husk by adding 500 kg of water per ton of material. This will bring the moisture content to around 60–65%. Let the mixture sit for at least 24 hours to allow proper hydration. Afterward, dissolve 4 kg of urea in 50 kg of water and evenly spray it over the rice husk pile. Wait 12 hours before proceeding.
Then, mix 2 kg of microbial fermentation agent with 10 kg of rice bran and dilute it thoroughly. Spread this mixture evenly across the rice husk heap. Make sure the height of the pile doesn't exceed 2 meters, and keep the area under 50 square meters. Once the pile is ready, cover it with an air-permeable tarp to maintain heat and moisture.
Monitor the temperature closely. When the internal temperature reaches 65–70°C and remains there for 36 hours, it's time to turn the pile for the first time. Repeat the turning process several times until the fermentation is complete.
The key during this period is "incubation." While managing the process, ensure proper ventilation and moisture control. These factors are crucial for maintaining microbial activity and achieving a successful fermentation outcome. By following these steps carefully, you can transform rice husk into a valuable and effective fermentation matrix.
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