Xuzhou City and Lianyungang City in northern Jiangsu Province have adopted advanced sunlight cultivation techniques for peaches, which significantly improve yield and fruit quality. The process begins with the selection of suitable peach varieties. Early-fruiting types such as Premosa Honey, Huiyulu, Zaohualu, Yuhualu, Annon Shuimi, Xiahui No.1, Chunfeng, Chunyan, Zaohong No.2, Shuguang, May Fire, and early Micron nectarines are commonly chosen. In the same greenhouse, two or three cultivars with similar blooming periods are planted to ensure effective pollination and higher fruit set rates.
In terms of planting and tree management, high-density cultivation is employed with spacing between plants ranging from 1.2 to 2.5 meters and rows from 0.9 to 1.5 meters. Before planting, trenches are dug and filled with organic fertilizer to enrich the soil. After planting, plastic film is used to cover the seedlings, helping to increase survival rates and promote healthy growth. During the early stages, ample water is provided to encourage vigorous tree development. Once new shoots reach 50 cm in length, a 15% paclobutrazol solution diluted 150–200 times is sprayed weekly to regulate growth. Tree shaping involves using a two-main-branch system, a happy shape, or a fan shape to optimize light exposure and air circulation. After flowering, buds and dense shoots at the pruning sites are removed. Twenty days after flowering, non-fruiting branches and overly dense fruit-bearing branches are pruned to enhance fruit set and development. During the hardening stage, excessive new shoots are regularly trimmed. As the fruit begins to color, leaves that block sunlight are removed to improve fruit appearance. After harvest, fruit-bearing branches are carefully pruned while maintaining the original tree structure.
To control vegetative growth, nitrogen fertilizers are limited from late July to late August, while phosphorus and potassium are increased. Tree branches are opened to reduce vigor, with the main branch angle in an open heart shape set at 60 degrees and in a short spindle shape at 80 degrees. Two sprays of 300 mg/l paclobutrazol are applied to encourage flower bud formation. Post-harvest pruning removes dense branches, leaving 2–4 main branches in a happy tree shape or 8–12 in a dwarf spindle shape. Remaining main branches are pruned to leave 1–2 shoots within 20–30 cm of the trunk.
For shed management, the earliest covering can begin in mid-December, with most greenhouses covered in January, depending on weather conditions. Soil fertility is replenished before covering, with manure as the primary fertilizer. Water is applied when the soil is dry. One month before covering, mulch is laid after watering to raise soil temperature. Artificial dormancy breaking is done for 15–20 days, with shaded conditions during the day and cooler temperatures at night to simulate natural dormancy. After covering, the temperature is maintained at 15–20°C for 7–10 days. Ventilation holes are closed when temperatures drop, and curtains are raised before 8 AM and kept closed by 4 PM. During the coldest months, kraft paper under straw helps maintain minimum temperatures above 5°C during flowering. When temperatures rise, skylights and back wall vents are opened for cooling, or small grass curtains are used to shade the area. In May, when nighttime temperatures exceed 10°C, the grass curtain is removed. Temperature stability is crucial during flowering and early fruit development to avoid negative effects from large temperature fluctuations. Even on cloudy days, warmth is maintained. Reflective films are placed on the ground and hung on the back walls to increase light scattering, and incandescent lights are used on overcast days to enhance fruit quality.
Watering is done through flood irrigation. During the sprouting phase, 1–2 small waterings are given. Flowering periods typically avoid watering, but one watering is done before fruit expansion. Fertilization occurs before bud break, after fruit set, before ripening, and after harvest, using mainly organic fertilizers combined with compound fertilizers. Trenches are prepared 40–50 cm on either side of the trunk, and soil is applied after fertilizing. Drainage is important during rainy seasons to prevent waterlogging. After fruit set, 2–3 sprays of 2–3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or calcium superphosphate are applied before ripening. During fruit setting and young fruit growth, 0.02% potassium sulfate solution is sprayed to improve fruit quality.
For flower and fruit management, artificial pollination is performed when pollen varieties are fully open, or 1–2 beehives are placed in each greenhouse for natural pollination. Pest control includes managing aphids, red spider mites, leaf miners, bacterial canker, anthracnose, and root rot. Early aphid control uses 2000-times diluted speed killing Ding, 1500-times diluted net, or 1500-times diluted endosulfan. Red spider mites are controlled with 2500-times diluted nidrasulfide or mothrazone. Leaf miners are managed with diflubenzuron 3 or mothrozole 2000 times. Bacterial canker and anthracnose are treated with 4–5 Baume lime sulfur before bud break, followed by 65% Dysonem 500 times after flowering, and thiophanate-methyl 1000 times before fruit ripening. Root diseases are prevented with thiophanate-methyl 600–800 times or multi-effects 1500 times.
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