Apple brown spot disease has become a growing concern in apple orchards over the past four to five years, with some farms already suffering severe losses. This fungal disease affects both the leaves and fruits of apple trees. Initially, small yellowish-orange, glossy spots appear on the leaf surface. These lesions gradually expand into nearly round spots measuring 4–8 mm in diameter. The affected areas are densely covered with tiny black structures—reproductive organs of the pathogen—and exude a pale yellow mucus. As the disease progresses, the lesions become sunken, and characteristic "goat's beard-like" rust cavities develop on the underside of the leaves.
The occurrence of this disease is closely linked to temperature conditions. Spore germination is inhibited when temperatures fall below 14°C or rise above 30°C, with the optimal range being 17–20°C. Therefore, the primary infection period for apple brown spot occurs between mid-April and May, and it typically infects the trees only once per season. High temperatures later in the year prevent re-infection.
For effective prevention and control, the key period is from mid-April to late May. Fungicides containing azole compounds are commonly used, but these products carry significant risks and can be harmful to both the environment and human health. To ensure safety, it is advisable for farmers to choose well-known brands, preferably imported ones, which have proven reliability over time. For example, Bayer’s Tebuconazole and Yantai Green Cloud’s Cyprodinil have been widely used for many years and are considered safe and effective. However, if the product brand is unknown or the application method is unclear, it is recommended to use caution and consult with agricultural experts before applying any treatment.
Proper management and early intervention are essential to minimize damage and protect long-term orchard productivity. Regular monitoring, timely spraying, and choosing quality products can make a big difference in controlling this increasingly prevalent disease.
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