Because different vegetables have different biological characteristics and different nutritional requirements, different types of vegetables should adopt different fertilization methods. To improve vegetable efficiency, we must focus on the characteristics of vegetables requiring fertilizers, apply organic fertilizers based on a large number of elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and supplement trace elements; at the same time, fertilizers should be applied on time and in accordance with the laws of different vegetables and different fertilizer requirements.
First, the growth characteristics of vegetables and fertilization methods
1, vegetables are generally short-term nutritional crops, can be repeated broadcast more. Many types of vegetables, such as Chinese cabbage, radish, gourd, cucumber, etc., often have a yield of more than 5,000 kilograms, and therefore require a large amount of fertilizer. Some fast-growing vegetables such as cabbage, radishes, parsley, etc., due to the short growing period, the absorption of nutrients per unit time is much longer than the longer growing period, high yield of vegetables. Therefore, more fertilizer should be applied during cultivation.
2. The absorption of soil nutrients by vegetables largely depends on the development of the root system. In general, the roots are deep and broad, with many roots and roots. The vegetables with root hair and the vegetables with larger roots (such as wax gourd, carrot, eggplant, etc.) can absorb more nutrients and grow on thin soil. Fertilization can be used more extensively. However, poor root development, shallow distribution, poor absorption of nutrients such as cucumbers, onions, lettuce, etc., must be cultivated in fertile soil and fine fertilization.
3. The requirements for soil nutrient conditions for different growth periods of vegetables are different. Roots in seedling stage are not yet developed, and the amount of nutrients absorbed is not too large, but the requirements are very high. Some thin and quick-acting fertilizers should be applied properly. During the vegetative growth period and the result period, a large amount of nutrients is absorbed. Sufficient fertilizer must be supplied, and fertilizers are usually applied in stages. Fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers were alternated, NPK fertilizers and micro-fertilizers were complete, and fertilization and irrigation were combined to give full play to fertilizer production.
4, according to the characteristics of fast-growing vegetables, weak roots, high yield, to organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer application. Because organic fertilizers not only provide a variety of nutrients for vegetables, but also with the decomposition of organic fertilizers, it helps improve quality and improve quality.
Second, the classification of fertilizer application of different vegetables
1, leafy vegetables: There are cabbage, spinach, parsley and so on. Nitrogen fertilizers are the main nitrogen fertilizers for leafy vegetables, but phosphorus fertilizers and potassium fertilizers must be added at the same time when nitrogen fertilizers are used during the growth period. For example, if we cultivate Chinese cabbage, it is the key to catching two fertilizations that begin to enter the rosette period and the pre-harvest period. For example, if the supply of nitrogen is insufficient during the whole growing season, the plants are dwarf and the tissues are rough. In the spring, the cultivated leafy vegetables are also easy to twitch early. In the late period, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers of the cabbage leafy vegetables are insufficient, and it is often difficult to make the ball.
2, fruit and vegetable categories: including melons, solanaceous fruits and legumes, use part of the reproductive organs, the general seedlings need more nitrogen, but excessive nitrogen fertilizer can easily lead to leggy, but to extend the flowering, the result, increase the falling, falling fruit; In the period of reproductive growth, the demand for phosphorus increases rapidly, and the amount of nitrogen needs to decrease slightly. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. After cucumbers are set in fruit, they should be re-fertilized, and each batch of melons afterwards needs to be supplemented with fertilizer and water.
3, root vegetables: There are carrots, carrots, etc., edible parts are fleshy roots. In the early stage of growth, nitrogen is mainly supplied to promote the formation of large green leaves. In the middle and late stages of growth (the period of growth of fleshy roots), more potassium fertilizer should be applied, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately controlled to promote the transport of assimilated substances from the leaves to the roots so as to form a strong fleshy mass. Straight roots, if there is too much nitrogenous fertilizer and insufficient potassium fertilizer in the later period, it will make the ground part slightly longer, the rhizome will be smaller, the yield will decline, and the quality will be deteriorated.
Third, the application of organic fertilizer cultivation facilities
Vegetables in protected areas such as greenhouses are much more fertilized per unit area than exposed vegetables, and because there is no rain, most of the remaining fertilizer remains in the soil, resulting in high concentrations of soil solution, preventing the roots from absorbing nutrients or damaging the root system. For cultivation of vegetables in facilities, full consideration should be given to the post-effect of fertilizers for the former crops, organic fertilizers should be applied more, fertilizers should be appropriately applied, and crops should not be harmed due to salt accumulation, so that the advantages of vegetables in protected areas can be further exerted.
"Agricultural Science and Technology and Information" (Dalian City Agricultural Technology Extension Center: Xia Shurong, Kang Ziwen, Wang Chengshi)
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