Snail is a freshwater snail produced in China and is a superior health food. In recent years, with the natural production of snails gradually decreasing, snail market continues to be optimistic. At present, artificial breeding has begun in Guangdong, Fujian and other regions, and many farmers have used the cultivated snail as a pioneering path to develop. The snail breeding technique is briefly introduced.
I. The habit of snails Field snails inhabit the aquatic environment rich in humus in sediments, such as lush lakes, pond marshes, ridges, or river channels in slow flow, often with microorganisms in soil, humus, and phytoplankton in water. Young aquatic plants, moss and other food, but also eat artificial feed, such as fruits and vegetables, vegetables, rice bran, wheat bran, soybean meal (cake) and various animal waste. The snail is hardy and heat-fighting, and its suitable temperature for living is 20-28°C. When the water temperature is lower than 10°C or higher than 30°C, it stops feeding, digs into the soil, and avoids the summer and the summer through the grass. When the water temperature exceeds 40°C, snails are burnt.
Second, snail breeding breeding snail dioecious. The method of distinguishing the male and female of the snail is mainly based on the shape of the right antenna. The right tentacles of the snails are bent rightwards (the male genitalia is bent). In addition, the female snails are large and round, and the male snails are small and long.
The snail is an oviparous animal whose reproduction is unique. Both the snail's embryonic development and the development of the snails are done in the mother's body. From the fertilized egg to the production of young snails, it takes about one year to grow in the mother's body. Field snails are spawned in batches and begin breeding every year from March to April. At the same time, the female and male snails are mated and fertilized at the same time, and at the same time the young snails to be produced in the following year are bred in the mother. A female snail produces about 100 to 150 juvenile snails throughout the year.
Third, artificial breeding
1. Aquaculture water snails have strong adaptability and few diseases. As long as they avoid large quantities of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, many flat rivers, creeks, pits, rice fields, ponds and other ordinary water bodies in the countryside can be stocked. Such as digging the pond, the choice of water source is convenient, and a pond is built for the location of the humus soil (if the soil is not suitable, it is better to apply mixed compost to improve it). Keep the thickness of the sediment 10 to 15 cm, the size of the area is not limited. If it is an open body of water, a small amount of red leeks and water lilies can be cultivated on the surface of the water, and some long vine melons and vegetables can be planted on the surface of the pond for shading. Bamboo tails, branches or stones, and grass can be arranged in the water to cover the habitat of snails.
In the 10 days before the snail is released, lime is used to remove wild fish, shrimp, and other snails at a rate of 50 to 100 kilograms per acre. After 3 to 4 days, organic fertilizers and bait feeds are fed to the snail for feeding.
2. The breeding of screw species for breeding stocks is best done in the early stage of snail breeding. The source of snails: one is field collection and the other is market collection. Choose a lively snail with a light brown color, a thin and complete shell, and a blunt body dome. In general, 0.1 to 0.5 kg of species of spirochaetes are placed per square meter in natural crude water, and intensive breeding ponds can increase seeding capacity by 2 to 3 times. Cultured snails can be stocked individually, or they can be stocked with some species of clams and sturgeons, or they can adopt snails and muddy polyculture.
3. Feeding and managing the extensive farming methods in natural waters, only need to maintain the water body fatness, and apply appropriate amount of manure, chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure or rice straw and other organic fertilizers at regular intervals to meet the growth needs of snails. In the case of high-density intensive culture, artificial bait must be cast. The snail's nutrient requirement is not high. Simply use rice bran, wheat bran, and soybean meal at a ratio of 60%, 25%, and 15% to match the upper feed of snails.
According to the snail's eating conditions and climatic conditions, the snails have a strong appetite at a suitable growth temperature and can be fed once every two days. Each feeding amount is 2 to 3% of the body weight. When the water temperature is in the range of 15 to 20°C and 28 to 30°C, it is fed twice a week for about 1% each time. When the temperature is lower than 15 °C or higher than 30 °C, less or no vote.
Fourth, daily management work is prohibited from flowing into water sources contaminated by pesticides and chemical fertilizers; ducks, snakes, rats, birds and other hostile insects are prevented from intruding; weeds and grass roots are removed in time. Usually take the form of micro-water, keep the water level at about 30 cm. During the hot season, increase the flow of water to control the increase of water temperature and ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water is sufficient. In cold weather, the snails entered the soil and hibernated. At this time, the water was changed 1 or 2 times a week, and some chopped straw was sprinkled on the water to facilitate snails wintering.
V. Harvesting and Transportation After a year of meticulous feeding, the young snails put in can reach 10-20 grams, and the hatched snails can reach 5 grams or more.
When snails are harvested, they adopt the method of catching large stocks and staying small and listing them in batches, selectively taking snails, keeping young snails, and paying attention to selecting and retaining some female snails so that natural seedlings can be replanted, and seedlings need not be put in later. According to their living habits, in the summer and autumn hot season, choose bamboo branches and grass handles that rotate in the early morning and at night on the shore or in the water body; in the winter and spring, pick a sunny day at noon. In addition, the snails can also be harvested by means of catching in the pool or picking up the drained dry pool. Snail's transportation is very simple, can be used ordinary bamboo, wooden barrels, etc., can also be packaged in woven bags, as long as the transportation to maintain the snail moist, to prevent exposure.
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