Peacock Farming and Management
Peacocks are popular ornamental birds that have gained attention in recent years, especially in economically developed regions. Over a decade ago, forward-thinking individuals in these areas began raising blue peacocks on a large scale, selling them to hotels and restaurants for the famous "peacock feast." This trend became very popular, with each peacock fetching between 500 to 700 yuan. The low cost of feeding peacocks, which mainly rely on plant-based feed, makes this a profitable venture. Peacocks grow quickly, are easy to raise, and have strong disease resistance. Their meat is rich in protein, amino acids, and calcium, making it highly desirable. In cities like Shanghai, demand for peacock continues to rise, creating a growing market for both food and viewing.
Peacocks come in three main types: blue, green, and white. Blue peacocks, originally from India, are widely domesticated and known for their high egg production. White peacocks are a variant of blue peacocks, while green peacocks are native to China and considered rare. Male peacocks can reach up to 2.2 meters in length, with vibrant, colorful feathers. Their tail feathers form an impressive display when opened, measuring about 1.5 meters long. These birds are intelligent, bold, and prefer to perch rather than fly. Even in cold weather, they often stay outdoors at night, so housing must provide ample space and proper shelter.
When building a peacock shed, the outdoor area should be larger than the indoor one, with a height of over 3 meters. The walls and roof should be covered with galvanized wire mesh or nylon mesh (22.5 cm spacing). Perches made of bamboo or wood should be placed at 1.5–2 meters above the ground, and a sand pool should be included for dust bathing. The farm should be located on higher ground, well-lit, and quiet. Peacocks are omnivorous, and in captivity, they are usually fed a balanced commercial feed supplemented with green vegetation.
Breeding peacocks typically begins at 22 months of age. The male-to-female ratio is generally 1:3, and breeding houses should hold around 10 birds. As laying season approaches, feed should be gradually changed to an egg-laying formula, including vitamins, minerals, and added light (up to 17 hours per day). Males court females by displaying their tails, and egg-laying occurs between March and July, with 30–50 eggs per year. Eggs should be stored at 10–14°C and hatched within a week. Artificial incubation is required, with temperatures adjusted throughout the 26–27-day period. Humidity levels should be maintained between 60–70%, and eggs turned every 2–4 hours.
For young peacocks, brooding requires careful temperature control, starting at 28–30°C and gradually decreasing. They should be provided with clean water, nutritious feed, and access to sunlight after one week. Vaccinations and parasite prevention are essential, including treatments for blackhead disease, coccidiosis, and external parasites like mites and lice.
Feeding formulas vary depending on the age of the bird, with corn, soybean meal, fishmeal, and vitamins forming the base. Disease prevention is crucial, as even though peacocks are generally healthy, poor management can lead to infections. Regular vaccinations and hygiene practices help maintain flock health.
In summary, peacock farming offers a unique and profitable opportunity, combining ornamental value with culinary appeal. With proper care, nutrition, and management, peacocks can thrive and contribute to a successful poultry business.
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