In China, non-heading cabbages such as Chinese cabbage and rapeseed are widely grown across various regions. The southern part of the Yangtze River is the primary production area. Here are several non-heading cabbage varieties that are well-suited for the summer season (Xiazhi), which may be useful for farmers and gardeners looking to expand their planting options.
First, the heat-resistant variety developed by the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This hybrid features dark green, large, round leaves with a thick, flat petiole, making it ideal for high-temperature conditions. It exhibits strong resistance to diseases, rapid growth, and high yield, making it suitable for early spring planting or intercropping.
Second, No. 17 Cabbage, a variety selected by the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Approved in 1991, it has a short growth period of 35–45 days, weighing around 0.4 kg. Known for its tender texture and sweetness, it is resistant to heat, viruses, and downy mildew. It produces an average yield of 1,410–1,500 kg per mu, ideal for autumn planting in southern provinces.
Third, February White, a local variety from Nanjing. With a growth cycle of about 70 days, it has an upright plant structure, reaching 45 cm in height. The leaves are elliptical, light green, and smooth, while the white petiole measures 15 cm long, 4.3 cm wide, and 0.6 cm thick. Each plant weighs approximately 1.38 kg and is suitable for spring and summer cultivation.
Fourth, Fire Cabbage, a local variety from Hangzhou, Zhejiang. It has a short growing period of 35 days and can be planted between June and August. The plant stands upright, reaching 29 cm in height, with oval, light green leaves and a white petiole measuring 16.5 cm long, 14 cm wide, and 0.4 cm thick. Each plant weighs about 125 g.
Fifth, Hotyou No. 2, a hybrid developed by the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This variety has an erect growth habit, with nearly round, dark green leaves and a short, thick white petiole. It is highly heat-tolerant, fast-growing, and has low fiber content, making it easy to cook. Ideal for summer planting, it yields about 1.5 kg per mu.
Sixth, Qingyou No. 4, another hybrid from the Jiangsu Academy. It has an erect plant structure, reaching about 35 cm in height, with dark green leaves and thick, green petioles. It is known for its high quality, low crude fiber, and excellent taste, making it a good choice for vegetable cultivation.
Seventh, Dwarf Yellow, a local variety from the outskirts of Nanjing. It is compact and upright, with broad fan-shaped or obovate leaves that have a light green color and inward-curled edges. The white, flat, and wide petiole contributes to its soft texture and delicious flavor. It is suitable for southern regions and performs well in spring and summer.
Eighth, Dwarf No. 1, a hybrid created by crossing a female parent with a short white pedestal line from Nanjing Agricultural University. It has an erect growth habit, with broadly ovate, pale grayish-green leaves that are thicker and softer, with less fiber. It is highly resilient to high temperatures and storms, and shows good resistance to anthracnose and viral diseases, though it is more susceptible to soft rot and cold. It is ideal for summer cabbage cultivation south of the Huai River.
These varieties offer a range of options for different climates and growing conditions, helping farmers maximize productivity and quality during the summer months.
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