Maize seedling blight is a fungal disease that affects corn during its early growth stage. In the initial phase, the seedlings often show curled and wilted heart leaves, and in severe cases, the plants may die. Over recent years, the occurrence of this disease has become increasingly severe, making it one of the most significant threats to young corn plants, with a major impact on overall crop yield.
Symptoms of the disease typically begin with the roots turning brown. As the infection progresses, root development becomes stunted, and root hairs may be reduced or even absent. The secondary roots might not form at all, while the primary roots appear aged, with their outer layers necrotic and dark brown. These lesions can spread into the first internode of the stem, leading to rotting and weakening of the stem, which makes it prone to breaking. The leaf sheaths also turn brown and crack, while the leaves lose their color, develop dry margins, and curl easily. In severe cases, the entire heart of the plant wilts and dies. Some plants may produce only weak secondary roots, resulting in poor growth. Lightly affected plants may not show obvious symptoms, but the first to second leaves in the two- to three-leaf stage usually start to yellow, gradually spreading toward the center of the leaf.
The disease is influenced by several environmental and agricultural factors. It commonly occurs from the time of sowing until early July. Prolonged drought followed by sudden heavy rains can create conditions that favor the disease—such as compacted soil, low temperatures, and high humidity, which promote fungal infection. Soil conditions also play a key role; areas with low-lying land, poor soil quality, clay soils, saline soils, or fields where corn herbicides have been applied are more susceptible. Additionally, using low-quality seeds or planting too deep increases the risk of infection. Crop rotation practices, especially when wheat and maize are alternated, can contribute to the buildup of pathogens like *Fusarium moniliforme*, *Fusarium graminearum*, and other filamentous fungi, leading to more severe outbreaks of seedling blight in summer corn.
To manage the disease, proper field management is essential. After the corn emerges or following rainfall, cultivating the soil helps improve aeration around the roots and encourages healthy root development. It's advisable to avoid using corn herbicides in infected fields. Chemical control options include applying a thiophanate-methyl solution diluted 800 times or a chlorothalonil solution diluted 1000 times, sprayed once or twice between late June and early July. These measures, combined with good cultural practices, can significantly reduce the impact of maize seedling blight on crop health and productivity.
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