Girdling, when done incorrectly, can seriously harm tree health and productivity. First, it's essential to girdle only trees that have strong callus formation ability, are difficult to flower, and have limited growth potential. Girdling should never be applied to all species or overly vigorous trees, as this can lead to weakened growth and poor fruiting.
Second, timing is crucial. The best time for girdling is from late May to early June, during the physiological differentiation of fruit buds. Girdling too early may interfere with new shoot development, while doing it too late—after July—can cause wounds to heal poorly, leading to branch dieback and reduced flowering effectiveness.
Third, the location of the girdling matters. It should be performed on smooth sections of the main trunk or lateral branches, approximately 15-30 cm from the central stem. Avoid girdling the trunk itself, as this can weaken the tree significantly, resulting in low yields, poor fruit quality, and a shortened lifespan.
Fourth, after making the cut, ensure the wound is clean and aligned properly. The width of the incision should be consistent, and the edges should not be rough, as this helps the wound heal faster and more effectively.
Fifth, the depth of the girdling must be controlled. Only the phloem should be cut, without damaging the vascular cambium or xylem. Cutting too deep can result in blackened wounds, which may affect the structural integrity of the branches and hinder long-term tree development.
Sixth, the width of the girdling should be about 1/15 to 1/10 of the diameter of the area being girdled, with a maximum width of no more than 5 mm. It's better to make the cut narrower rather than wider.
Seventh, if multiple girdlings are needed, they should be placed on main or lateral branches, not on both side branches at the same time. Also, avoid girdling the parent branch of a side branch. For trees that remain vigorous after one round of girdling, wait until at least half of the first wound has healed by early July before applying a second girdling 3–5 cm below the previous cut, ensuring the new girdle is narrower than the first.
Eighth, excessive girdling can severely weaken the tree. The amount of girdling per tree should be based on its growth potential and should not exceed 2/3 to 1/2 of all branches. Leaving some branches un-girdled allows the root system to still receive some photosynthetic products, preventing over-stressing the tree and avoiding premature aging.
Ninth, some growers mistakenly apply chemicals like formaldehyde or arsenic to girdling sites out of fear of infection. This can actually kill the tree or cause branch death. Wounds should be left untouched to allow natural healing.
Finally, if the girdling site does not heal within a month, use plastic film to cover the wound and promote recovery. After girdling, improve orchard management by increasing fertilizer and water supply. Apply 0.4%-0.5% urea solution and 0.2%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to supplement nutrients. If there’s heavy flowering the following year, thin the flowers appropriately to maintain a balanced load and keep the tree healthy and productive.
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