Strawberry, also known as ground berry, red berry, berry, etc., is a red fruit, a perennial herb. The appearance of the strawberry is heart-shaped, delicious and tender, juicy, sweet and sour taste, aromatic and nutritious, so it has the reputation of "fruit queen".
First, the choice of varieties
Strawberry in greenhouse should choose winter dormancy period short, early flowering varieties. At present, the varieties used in production include Zhang Ji, Sweet Charlie, 99, and Fragrance.
Second, use strong seedlings for reasonable colonization
In the middle and late September, we selected five seedlings of more than one leaf for planting. We must “not bury the heart and leave the roots uncoveredâ€. After the planting, we will continue pouring small water until it survives. 1 week before planting, Mushi rotted farmyard manure 4000-5000 kg, DAP 30 kg, compound fertilizer 50 kg, deep plowing 20-30 centimeters after flattening, using small high ridge cultivation, ridge height 20 cm, ridge With a width of 60 to 80 cm and a ridge spacing of 100 to 120 cm, each ridge is planted in two rows with a plant spacing of 12 to 15 cm and a mu of 8000 to 10,000 plants.
Third, the management after planting
1, temperature management
At the initial stage of colonization, because the outside temperature is still high, in order to promote the growth and development of the plants, it is maintained at 25 to 30°C during the day and 12 to 14°C at night. In the budding period, the temperature can be 25-28°C during the day and 10-12°C during the night. If the night temperature exceeds 13°C, the buds will be degraded and the stamen and pistil will be adversely affected. Into the flowering period, the daytime temperature is 23 ~ 25 °C, 8 ~ 10 °C at night. The fruit enlargement period requires 23 to 25°C during the day and 6 to 8°C during the night. At this time, if the daytime temperature is lower than 23°C, the strawberry harvest period will be delayed, but the fruit can be further increased. To fruit harvest, during the day at 20 ~ 23 °C, night can be at 5 ~ 7 °C.
2, humidity management
Strawberry air humidity requirements are more stringent, generally below 80% relative humidity, flowering period requires 40% to 60% relative humidity. Humidity is too high or too low during flowering to affect the splitting of the flower bud and the germination of the pollen tube, resulting in poor pollination, fertilization, and abnormal fruit growth, which reduces the economic benefits of the planter. At the same time, the humidity is too high during growth and the plants are very susceptible to gray mold and powdery mildew.
3, water and fertilizer management
The roots of strawberries were shallowly ploughed into soil, indicating that the soil was hi and the fertilizer was not tolerant to drought. In addition to the application of base fertilizer before planting, it is also necessary to top-dress 2 to 3 times in combination with watering in the plant's rapid growth and flower bud differentiation and flowering and fruit expansion. Top dressing is based on available phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, with little or no nitrogen fertilizer applied. Topdressing should be done in less time to apply 10 kg of fertilizer per acre.
4, plant sorting and thinning and fruit thinning
Strawberry plants in their vigorous growth will occur more lateral buds and some stolons should be removed in time to promote the main bud flowering and results. For old leaves, sick leaves should be removed as soon as possible. Thinning and thinning fruit can concentrate more nutrients and increase the average fruit weight. In general, the first inflorescence leaves 12 to 15 fruit, and the second inflorescence leaves 6 to 8 fruits. The rest of the small flowers, small fruits and deformed fruits should be removed early and taken out of the shed to be destroyed.
5, auxiliary pollination
The strawberry is a self-pollination plant, but the natural pollination effect is poor because the flowering period in the greenhouse is often under adverse conditions such as low temperature, short illumination time, high humidity, and the like. Artificial pollination and pollination of bees can increase fruit size, significantly reduce deformity, and improve yield and quality. At present, the main use of honeybee pollination, with 5000 to 6000 bees per acre can meet the requirements of pollination and fertilization. Pay attention to the protection of the bees when spraying and move the beehive outside.
6, harvest
Two-thirds of the strawberry berries begin to harvest. Harvesting takes place every 1 to 2 days at the peak of the harvesting period. Harvesting should be carried out with fruit stalks. Do not injure the smashing stalks and break them at a distance of 1 cm from the squib. Grab the shards in layers and avoid stacking and handling.
Fourth, pest and disease control.
Diseases mainly include gray mold and powdery mildew. Gray mold can be sprayed with 50% quick-inking 800 times, or 50% epothilone WP 800 times. Powdery mildew is sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600-700 times, or sprayed with 10% Shiga 2000x. Insect pests mainly include aphids and red spiders, which can be used for the control of low-toxic and high-efficiency pesticides such as pyrethroids, terpenes, and brooms. However, it is strictly prohibited during the fruit harvesting period.
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