After the calving of dairy cows reaches 120 days, the amount of milk produced accounts for 60-65% of the total milk in the whole lactation period. In the actual production, because the milk production level and nutritional needs of cows at each stage differ significantly, it is not possible to use the same diet for raising the cows in different lactation stages. At home and abroad, it is advocated to adopt the three-stage feeding method of early stage of secretory milk, middle period of lactation and late stage of lactation.
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First, early lactation
From the time of calving until 70 days postpartum, the appetite of dry matter intake did not fully recover and was about 15% lower than late lactation. During this period, the average weight of the cow will be reduced by 35-50kg, and the average daily weight will be reduced by 0.5-0.7kg. In some cases, the average daily weight may be reduced by 2-2.5kg. In the early period of lactation, the ratio of concentrate feed to roughage, calculated as dry matter, is approximately 55-60%: 45-40%, respectively. The feeding methods are as follows:
1, China's traditional feeding method:
After the cows have calves, allow them to freely eat good quality hay and try to avoid feeding too much corn silage. After feeding the concentrate, observe the eating conditions on the day. If no concentrate is left, and if a lot of hay is eaten, the spirit, defecation, rumination, etc. are normal, and the amount of milk is also increased, 0.5-1 kg of fine material can be fed daily, or else feeding can not be performed. The daily concentrate feed is fed in 3 times. Generally, the amount of feed is not more than 3kg each time, and it should be fed after being mixed with the coarse material. ?
2, full price diet feeding method:
According to factors such as milk production, milk fat percentage, body weight and weight loss at the beginning of lactation, the nutrients needed by the cows are calculated, and then the corresponding dietary nutrient levels and the total amount of modulation are calculated to determine the feed formula, and then the formula is shortened. The additives such as roughage, concentrates, dregs, buffers, mineral elements, vitamins, etc. are mixed with a special agitator (or manual) for cattle to eat freely. This will not cause digestive dysfunction, rumen acidosis, overeating and other issues, and the large amount of food, nutritional balance, milk volume increased rapidly.
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Second, lactation mid-term?
From 71 to 140 days postpartum, the peak of lactation just passed, but dry matter intake peaked and weight began to recover. At this stage, the nutrients obtained by the cow need to be used to restore lost weight after birth, in addition to the maintenance and milk production needs. If the excess nutrient obtained by the cow is balanced and the uterus returns to normal, the cow can be in normal heat and be pregnant 90-110 days after childbirth. ?
It is very important to feed the full price feed in the middle of lactation.
1. Full-price diets can be maintained as needed to maintain additional milk production, regardless of weight changes. ?
2. For high-yielding dairy cows with a daily milk output higher than 35kg, buffers should be added either on weekdays or in summer. Potassium chloride or fat powder should be added in summer to facilitate the heat stress of high-yielding dairy cows (in southern Yulin, non-high-yielding dairy cows should also prevent the occurrence of heat stress). ?
3. In summer, in order to prevent the influence of heat on the appetite of cows, it may be fed at the lowest temperature before 3-5 am to increase the food intake and to prevent and reduce the occurrence of heavy cows during this season. The phenomenon of milk production.
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Third, late lactation
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After 141-305 days after calving, it is the late lactation period. The cows have entered the middle and late pregnancy. The nutritional needs include maintenance, lactation, repair body tissue, fat growth, and sedimentary nutrients in the pregnancy. Therefore, the cow needs nutrients. Increase in volume. This issue of feeding techniques has:
1. According to the cow's milk production level and actual public opinion, the dietary supply should be based on cows of different nutritional levels, as long as the cows are moderately quail (the ribs are obviously exposed). Special attention should be paid to the prevention of cows. Overweight. ?
2. Conduct a rectal examination before stopping the baby to determine if it is a pregnancy and stop it in time. Some cattle may have twins, and the cattle should be raised reasonably during the dry period. ?
3. It is forbidden to feed frozen or moldy feeds, pay attention to the protection of the cows and prevent mechanical miscarriage.
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