The overall strategy for pig breeding in China focuses on leveraging existing high-quality breeding resources, establishing regional joint breeding systems in areas with strong pig production and research capabilities, and actively integrating modern pig breeding techniques that combine molecular breeding with genetic evaluation. The goal is to create a company-based breeding system that enables rapid and sustainable genetic improvement of breeding pigs. This strategy aims to build a long-term system capable of continuously enhancing lean-type breeds while achieving the broader objective of "breeder-based breeding, self-sufficiency in core sow groups, limited introduction of new germplasm, and maintaining international pig breeding standards."
To achieve this, the focus is on digestion, absorption, innovation, and promotion, with supplementary introduction of new germplasm resources. A national breeder pig genetic evaluation system and a self-sustainable lean pig breeding system are being developed, with five key research areas guiding the process.
First, regional and national joint breeding systems are being established. By using regional collaboration methods in major pig-producing regions such as Beijing, South China, Central China, and Southwest China, qualified technical support units and pig-breeding enterprises are working together to form joint breeding networks. The National Boar Station serves as a critical link in connecting breeding pig genetics, supporting the development of high-fertility, high-quality local strains. This effort will eventually lead to a national-level joint breeding framework.
Second, a genetic evaluation system for high-quality lean pigs is being built. Modern information technology is used to create standardized breeder databases and an online genetic evaluation system based on a three-tier architecture (Browser/Web Server/Database). This system promotes genetic connections across large, medium, and small farms, improving the accuracy of both intra- and inter-field genetic assessments. It also facilitates regional cross-field evaluations and economic weighting.
Third, efforts are underway to cultivate China's lean-type pigs and new strains. Based on the national joint breeding system, cross-field strain development and matching system breeding are being conducted to maximize resource use and complement strengths. Large-scale hybrid combination testing is being carried out to identify efficient combinations suitable for different production environments.
Fourth, a sustainable and efficient breeding system for high-quality lean pigs is being established. The system follows the model: "Importing core breeding stock → Breeding core groups → Expanding breeding herds → Breeding pig production → Commercial hog production." This model, led by large pig breeding companies, incorporates a new structure: "Technology Center + Breeding Company + Pig Breeding Specialist + Pig-raising Family," ensuring long-term genetic improvement and coordinated interests among stakeholders.
Finally, the large-scale application of new breeding technologies is accelerating. Advances in biotechnology have introduced new approaches, including molecular breeding based on large-scale genetic testing. Thousands of major genes and markers are now used in commercial applications, significantly improving selection efficiency. Molecular biology also shows promise in predicting and utilizing heterosis. These technologies are transforming China’s pig breeding from a passive state to a more advanced and competitive one.
As global economic integration intensifies, international competition is becoming more intense, and future success will depend on technological advancement and economic strength. Pig breeding has entered a new phase, requiring the comprehensive use of phenotypic and genotypic data for accurate genetic assessment. Artificial insemination is being used to establish inter-field genetic links, promoting regional joint breeding. Two main models are emerging: large-scale breeding enterprises leading the way, and compact consortia formed by small and medium-sized farmers covering all stages from breeding to sales. To support these efforts, intermediary service agencies with breeding technology at their core are needed to provide timely services like performance measurement, breeding assessment, and management support, forming a flexible, tech-driven breeding network.
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