The French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) released a statement on the 4th announcing that scientists have identified a unique hormone that enhances the uptake of sugar by cells. This breakthrough could pave the way for innovative treatments for diabetes, offering hope to millions affected by the condition.
For decades, the medical community has relied on insulin as the primary treatment for diabetes. Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone produced by the pancreas, which helps transport glucose from the bloodstream into tissues like the liver and fat cells. This process supports the body's metabolic functions and ensures the proper functioning of vital organs such as the heart, brain, and muscles.
However, when the insulin-producing pancreatic cells are damaged or the body becomes resistant to insulin, glucose cannot be properly absorbed by the cells. As a result, blood sugar levels rise, leading to diabetes and potentially severe complications such as nerve damage, kidney disease, and cardiovascular issues.
In a recent study led by Dr. Philip Valle from INSERM, researchers discovered that a hormone called Apelin also plays a role in promoting glucose absorption. Secreted by fat cells, Apelin is present in much lower concentrations compared to insulin. Scientists believe that boosting Apelin levels may help regulate blood sugar even in cases where insulin is insufficient.
To test its potential, the research team administered Apelin to diabetic mice and observed a significant increase in glucose uptake by muscle and tissue cells. The animals' blood sugar levels returned to near-normal ranges, suggesting that Apelin could be a promising therapeutic target.
Dr. Valle emphasized that future studies will focus on whether increasing Apelin levels in humans can similarly enhance glucose absorption. If successful, researchers plan to develop a synthetic molecule similar to Apelin for use in diabetes treatment, potentially offering a new and effective option for patients.
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