Eggplant is an annual herb and is a perennial shrub in the tropics. The root system of aubergine is well-developed. The root depth of the adult plant is more than 1.5 meters. The transverse diameter of the root is more than 1 meter. The eggplant root system cultivated in protected areas is mainly distributed in the 0-30 cm plough layer. The regenerative ability of eggplant roots is poor, and lignification is earlier and should not be repeated. Eggplant temperature requirements are more stringent, 17 °C the following years of slow growth, 10 °C below cause physiological metabolic disorders, 15 °C falling. The optimum temperature for flower bud differentiation is 2O°C-25°C and 15°C-20°C at night. When the temperature is low, the flower bud differentiation will be delayed, but there will be more long column flowers. On the contrary, under the high temperature conditions, flower bud differentiation will be earlier. However, the ratio of flowering and short studs increased, especially with higher night temperatures and shorter studs. Fertility optimum temperature is 22°C-3O°C, Baida 25°C-28°C and nighttime 16°C-20°C are favorable for eggplant development.
First, the need for eggplant fertilizer characteristics Eggplant is hi-fertilizer crops, soil conditions and fertilization levels have a greater impact on eggplant fruit set rate. When the nutritional conditions are good, less flowering, malnutrition will increase the short stupa, flower growth is not good, should not set fruit. In addition, the nutritional status also affects the position of flowering. When the nutrition is adequate, the branches of the flowering part can develop 4-5 leaves. When the malnutrition is unfavorable, the unfolded leaves are few and the flowering is increased. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by eggplant increased with the growth period. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the seedling stage was only 0.05%, 0.07% and 0.09% of the total amount. Absorption gradually increased at the beginning of flowering, and the absorption of nutrients from the fruit stage to the unfruitful stage accounted for about 90% of the whole period, and the fruit period accounted for about 2/3. The requirements for nutrients are different in each growth period. Fertilizers in the early growth stage are mainly to promote the vegetative growth of the plants. With the development of the growth period, the nutrient transfer to flowers and fruits increases. In the flowering stage, the absorption of nitrogen and potassium increased significantly. If nitrogen is insufficient during this period, the flower development is poor, and the short stalks increase and the yield decreases. Production of 1,000 kg of eggplant requires 3.2 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.94 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 4.5 kg of potassium oxide. The per annum eggplant is 4000-5000 kilograms, and it needs pure mane 12.8-16 kilograms, phosphorus pentoxide 3.8-4.7 kilograms, and potassium oxide 18-22.5 kilograms.
Second, eggplant fertilization technology
l. The requirements for the quality of nutritious soil during the seedling stage of raising eggplant and fat eggplant are relatively high. Only the high quality soil can cultivate strong seedlings with short internodes, thick stems and well-developed root system. General requirements in the 11 square meters of nursery bed, put into decomposition of 200 kg of organic fertilizer, superphosphate 5 kg, 1.5 kg of potassium sulfate, bed soil and organic fertilizer and fertilizer mix. If you use nutrient soil to raise seedlings, you can add organic fertilizer composed of 4/5 decomposed horse manure and 1/5 decomposer manure dry to the same amount in vegetable garden soil. Also refer to the preparation method of tomato seedling nutrient soil. If you are experiencing low temperatures or soil fertility, spray 0.3%-0.5% urea solution. In order to effectively control damping-off, medicinal soils can be covered. The medicinal soil is made up of 50% of carbendazim or thiophanate 8-10 grams and 12 kilograms of nutrients. Medicinal soil can be sprinkled on the surface of the bed before seedling emergence, or sprinkled on the surface of the bed with 2/3 before sowing, and sprinkled on the seed with 1/3. Sometimes the drug has an inhibitory effect on the growth of seedling roots. Once inhibitory effect occurs, a large number of watering can be relieved.
2. The basal eggplant is susceptible to Verticillium wilt, and the protective grounds for cultivating eggplant should be avoided. If the barrier is short, it must be disinfected. According to the calculation of the space within the protected area, 4.0 grams of sulfur, 8 grams of dichlorvos 80%, and 8.0 grams of sawdust were ignited per cubic meter, and then ignited after being closed for 24 hours. The sterilized land is patted with 5,000 to 60,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer per acre, plus 25-35 kilograms of superphosphate and 15-20 kilograms of potassium sulfate, evenly spread on the surface of the soil, and evenly infiltrated into the soil. Plough soil.
3. Before the dressing of eggplant, 5000 kg of organic fertilizer and 25-35 kg of phosphate fertilizer are planted. When the "door eggplant" reached the "wink period" (when the flowers were fertilized after ovary enlargement and fertilization), the fruits began to grow rapidly and the first top dressing was carried out at this time. Mushi pure nitrogen 4-5 kilograms (9-11 kilograms of urea or 20-25 kilograms of ammonium sulphate), when the 'swallow' fruit enlargement, the second time dressing, when the "four-side bucket" begins to develop, it is the eggplant to be served Peak, the third topdressing, the same amount of topdressing in the first three times, the amount of top dressing in the future can be halved, or no potassium fertilizer can be applied.
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