Crayfish, scientifically known as *Procambarus clarkii*, are also commonly referred to as red shrimp or crawfish. Native to the United States, they are a key species in freshwater aquaculture and have gained significant popularity in China over the past few decades. Introduced to China from Japan during World War II, these crustaceans have thrived, expanding their range across the Yangtze River basin and becoming an important aquatic resource.
In 2006, Anji County in Zhejiang Province saw a surge in crayfish farming, with 432 mu of land dedicated to breeding. A trial project in Qushan Township involved 12 acres of ponds, where detailed methods were implemented to ensure successful cultivation. The test included pond preparation, stocking, feeding strategies, and daily management practices.
The ponds used for the trial were carefully designed—each measuring between 2 to 3 acres, with a depth of one meter. They featured artificial shelters like bamboo tubes and plastic pipes, as well as swamp-like areas that made up about 25% of the total space. The walls were constructed with cement bricks to prevent escape, and there was a flat area inside for easy access.
Before stocking, the ponds were drained and dried for a month, then treated with lime slurry. Organic manure was added to promote natural food sources, while aquatic plants such as water hyacinth and Vallisneria were planted to provide both nutrition and habitat. Snails were introduced as a supplementary feed source.
Shrimp seedlings were stocked from mid-March to mid-June, with careful attention given to transport conditions to avoid stress. Feeding was done in stages, adjusting the diet based on growth phases. Early on, plant-based feeds and small organisms were provided, while later stages required more protein-rich options like fish meal and earthworms.
Daily management focused on maintaining water quality, controlling disease, and ensuring proper feeding schedules. Water was changed every 15–20 days, and lime and beneficial bacteria were regularly added to maintain balance. Farmers monitored the ponds closely, adjusting practices as needed.
By the end of the trial, a total of 2,520 kg of crayfish were harvested, generating a revenue of 60,480 yuan. After accounting for all costs, the net profit reached 64,080 yuan, proving the economic viability of this aquaculture model.
Overall, crayfish farming offers high returns with relatively low investment. Its market demand continues to rise, and with proper management, it can be a sustainable and profitable enterprise.
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