Planting the same kind of vegetables in the same land year after year will cause dead seedlings due to the persistence and spread of germs; it will lead to malnutrition due to lack of trace elements, resulting in weak growth, poor quality of vegetables, and low yield; the roots will secrete Excessive harmful substances cause poor growth. That is, we often say that there are many obstacles to continuous cropping. There are many reasons for consecutive obstacles, mainly in the following aspects:
1. Pests and diseases are aggravated: Pests and diseases are the most important cause of consecutive obstacles. This is because certain pests and diseases only parasitize one or more vegetables, causing harm to them, and have no effect on other vegetables, and the successive pests provide sites for the survival and reproduction of these pests and diseases. Such as melon wilt, tomato bacterial wilt, root knot nematode disease.
2. Inadequate nutrition: The birth cycle of vegetables is shorter and the multiple cropping index is higher. If a certain vegetable is cultivated for a long time, it will absorb more fertilizer from certain elements. If it cannot be supplemented in time, it will be prone to deficiency symptoms, resulting in weak growth. , Lower production, etc.
3. Increased autotoxicity: The roots of crops secrete toxic substances under normal growth conditions, and microorganisms in the soil release harmful substances. After years of continuous cropping, these harmful substances accumulate more and more in the soil. When the soil is harmful, After reaching a critical concentration, it will cause poisoning.
4. Changes in soil acidity: Long-term continuous cropping soil humus is reduced, and the granule structure is easily destroyed. Changes in the microbial population in the soil may lead to changes in soil acidity and alkalinity.
In order to overcome the obstacles caused by continuous cropping to vegetable production, the following points should be noted in the prevention technology:
1. Implementing crop rotation: For vegetable sites where the virus source and infectious diseases have caused serious damage, avoidance measures should be taken for these diseases, and regular rotations should be implemented to change the living environment of these pests, thus causing them to lose their hosts. They have cut off their sources of nutrition and have achieved the goal of reducing or eliminating pests and diseases.
2, soil improvement: 1 change the soil, add some nutrient-rich new soil, reduce soil salt concentration. 2 deep turning to improve the soil, deep turn 30 ~ 60cm improve soil physical and chemical properties. 3 Wash the salt with irrigation water, rinse with salt during irrigation season, and eliminate salty water in time.
3, re-decompose organic fertilizer: organic fertilizer can not only increase the content of organic matter and trace elements in soil, but also improve soil structure, increase fertilizer, water, fertilizer, ventilation, temperature regulation and other functions. Therefore, the application amount of organic fertilizer should be increased in the fertilization of greenhouse vegetables.
4. Appropriate application of NPK fertilizers: Chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, will increase the content of soluble salts in soil, aggravate pest damage, and affect crop yield and quality. Therefore, the rational application of NPK fertilizer, that is, according to the laws of fertilizer requirements of various vegetables and soil fertility to determine the ratio of NPK and fertilizer use.
5. Increase the use of trace elements: Continuous cropping may cause partial depletion of trace elements in the soil. Therefore, in addition to applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers in accordance with the law of fertilizer requirements for crops, attention should be paid to supplementing trace elements. , Tomatoes use trace element fertilizer, disease prevention, increase production effect is very obvious.
6, using improved varieties and grafting techniques: the selection of disease-resistant, high-quality, high-yield vegetable varieties, is the prerequisite to improve disease resistance, but also the most economic and effective measures to prevent soil-borne diseases. The selection of highly resistant root-knot nematode species and robust root varieties as graft rootstocks is also one of the more effective measures.
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