Raising grass and raising livestock has become a bright spot in the adjustment of planting structure in our country's vast agricultural areas and farmers' income increase. However, due to the relatively late start of pasture planting in China's agricultural areas, the majority of farmers know little about pasturage planting knowledge, and those who succeed have it. There are no shortages of failures. Therefore, the majority of farmers should pay attention to science when planting pasture, and pay attention to solving the following four problems:
First, scientific selection of species. There are many varieties of high-quality forage grass, and different varieties have different requirements for the climate and soil. China has a vast area spanning three climate zones: temperate zone, subtropical zone and tropical zone. The geographical environment is very complicated. There are various climatic conditions and a wide range of soil types. For pasture cultivation, it must be based on local soil properties, climatic conditions and the status of herbivorous livestock and poultry. If appropriate choices are made, if tropical pastures are planted in frigid zones and drought-tolerant species are planted in arid regions, impervious stubble species will be planted in more rainy areas, and saline-alkaline species will be planted in saline-alkaline soils, causing undue losses. Therefore, planting pasture must be based on local conditions. In general, Conghua grass, Rumex K-l hybrid sour cultivar, Prunus persicae, alfalfa, and Dongmu 70 rye are relatively hardy, suitable for planting in the area north of the Huaihe River, like grasses, pennisetum, and more. Flowering ryegrass, hybrid pennisetum (also known as imperial bamboo), and feed corn are suitable for planting in areas south of the Yellow River. Alfalfa, clover, tall fescue, bluegrass, and Pyracantha are suitable for planting in barren and arid regions. Sandy-wang, grain-grain, and ryegrass are suitable for planting in areas where salinity is more serious. Concentrated grass, Rumex, and alfalfa have poor heat resistance, and it is difficult to grow plants in high-temperature, rainy areas. Elephant grass and hybrid Pennisetum are hard to preserve in the north, and can only be used as annual grass cultivation.
Second, scientific use of pasture. In addition to a small number of pasture varieties such as alfalfa and Leymus chinensis, pasture plantations are difficult to commercialize in the short term, and their benefits can only be achieved through local conversion. Grass - raising livestock (avian, fish) - the market, this is an industrial chain, it is a chain of benefits. Therefore, species and cultivation must be closely combined to cultivate and plant species, and the species should be promoted to support pasture varieties and livestock breeds. For example, ruminant animals prefer to eat tall plants, crude fiber is relatively more grassy, ​​Pennisetum, pine cone herb, feed corn, sudan grass, etc., pigs, geese, rabbits prefer relatively high crude protein content Leafy pastures, such as grasses, Rumex K-1 hybrids, chicory, etc., ryegrass, winter grazing 70 rye, alfalfa are suitable for feeding all herbivorous livestock and poultry, and grain pods are more suitable for raising pigs. Buying vegetables is more suitable for raising geese. Sudangrass is more suitable for fish farming. From the palatability of forage grasses, alfalfa, red clover, white clover, and multi-flowered ryegrass are better. The method of utilization of forages is repeated cutting. In general, the use of the same type of pasture is greater in the south than in the north. The perennial pasture is mainly used in spring and autumn, the annual pasture is mainly used in summer and autumn, and the annual pasture is in spring. Use mainly. The height of the forage grass should be high and the livestock should be high, the small livestock should be low, the high-grade herbage should be high, the lower-grass pasture should be low, the tall pasture should be high, and the dwarf pasture should be low.
Third, scientifically cultivate pasture. Pasture is different from wild grasses. There is a set of scientific cultivation techniques for forage cultivation. In order to harvest the seeds, the seeds are used to make use of the fresh grass. Therefore, compared with the cultivation of crops, there are many common points and many different points. Forage grass has strong resistance, and management is relatively time-saving and labor-saving. However, most forage seeds are small (such as grain pods, chicory, bitter vegetables, Rumex K-1 hybrid sorrel, red clover, and white clover , alfalfa, etc.), have high requirements for sowing, if the planting is not fine, it is difficult to guarantee Miao Qi Miao. Therefore, the sowing of grass is more delicate than that of growing grain, and stricter requirements are imposed on the land preparation, soil moisture content, and seeding depth. The purpose of planting pasture is to increase the amount of fresh grass. To obtain high yields, it is necessary to have relatively good water and fertilizer conditions. Therefore, balance fertilization should also be emphasized to achieve a balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. Organically combined. In the planting season, the Huang-Huai-Hai region is dominated by autumn sowing, and the northern region is mainly spring sowed. In the southern region, it is necessary to do a good job in crop rotation, intercropping, and intercropping. In field management, we must pay special attention to the removal of weeds at the seedling stage, and at the same time do a good job of cultivating, irrigating, draining, and reducing waterlogging. After the pasture is castrated, it is necessary to timely apply water and fertilizer. When pests and diseases are found, they must be promptly controlled. Since most pastures are directly used for feeding livestock and poultry, when it comes to pest control and weed control, we must pay attention to the selection of highly effective, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides and advocate biological control. In order to seize the high yield and balanced supply of forage grass, it is possible to adopt a cold grass and a thermophilic grass rotation. The more annual weeds are interplanted with perennial grasses and two or more pastures. In the area north of the Huaihe River, winter grazing 70 rye can be used for rotation with pennisetum or feed corn. In the south of the Huaihe River, multi-flowered ryegrass and hybrid pennisetum or forage maize can be used for rotation. Alfalfa can be interplanted with feed corn or Sudan grass, and winter grazing 70 rye can be used with intercropping grass, Rumex K-1 hybrids, and Sudan grass, or can be mixed with winter grazing 70 rye and hairy wolfberry. Ryegrass is mixed with alfalfa cultivars, alfalfa peas, alfalfa and tall fescue. The perennial ryegrass is mixed with white-red clover or white clover.
Fourth, scientific processing of pasture. In China's rural areas, there are a large number of grass-eating livestock and poultry. In summer and autumn, the general crop stems, leaves, leaves, and wild weeds thrive, and the yield is relatively high, and green feed is continuously provided to herbivorous livestock and poultry. In the winter and spring, when crops are harvested and wild weeds stop growing, animal husbandry production enters the annual sub-seasonal season. The problem of unequal supply of forage grass severely restricts the development of animal husbandry. To solve this problem, in addition to the use of crop stalks and the appropriate phase-out of livestock and poultry, in the summer and autumn, during pastoral period, the pasture is cut and processed, modulated, and stored. This is undoubtedly the main solution to the shortage of rainy days and winter and spring grasses. way. The processing and utilization of pasture mainly includes the following four aspects: the production of hay, the processing of grass products, the storage of hay and the silage of pasture. Haymaking grasses should be harvested at the heading-initial flowering stage. Legumes should be cut at the early flowering stage. There are two types of drying methods: natural drying and artificial drying. Forage processing can produce straw bales, grass powder, grass cakes, and grass blocks. Forage silage can maintain the nutritional characteristics of pastures to the maximum extent, and storage for a long time is one of the most commonly used methods in animal husbandry. Its key technologies are smashing, compaction, and sealing.
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