At the two national conferences that closed recently, the circulation and quality of Chinese herbal medicines once again became the focus of the medical representatives. The quality problem of Chinese herbal medicines once again caused people's deep reflection.
Hainan’s “Poisonous Kidney Bean†incident broke out in Hainan Province’s announcement of the “Building a Hainan International Tourism Island†strategy, in which ecological civilization construction and modern agricultural base construction are important components of the strategy. This incident has once again made the food safety issue a "storm eye."
From October last year to January this year, South Korea and Japan (two major Chinese herbal medicines exporting major markets) have successively introduced new standards for heavy metal pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicines. Based on these two test standards, they set up barriers for the export of Chinese herbal medicines in China; 2008 In the year when more than 800 tons of lead-containing Chinese herbal medicines were destroyed at Korean ports, we have to reflect on the same as the original medicinal materials of agricultural cash crops. How far is the “Poisonous Beans†incident from our Chinese herbal medicine industry?
Is the quality of production and circulation links widespread?
Judging from the actual situation of the production and circulation of Chinese herbal medicines and the situation reflected in many domestic investigations and scientific research, the status quo is not optimistic.
Driven by economic interests, the production area is light and light
For a long time, pharmaceutical farmers (or planting bases) have a tendency to pursue acre production. To this end, many growers use hormonal pesticides (such as Zhuanggenling) in the production of medicinal materials to increase the yield per mu. For example, the annual production of Ophiopogon japonicus is only about 300 kg, and after using Zhuang Genling, the single yield can exceed 1000 kg; after the use of hormone pesticides, the single yield can be doubled, and the ginseng strips produced after the use of hormones Bright, the growth cycle is also greatly shortened. Similar situations are also widely found in the production of Chinese herbal medicines such as Angelica sinensis and Astragalus membranaceus. Therefore, under the misguided environment of the evaluation system, the prospects for authentic and high-quality medicinal materials are worrisome, and the living space is often squeezed by “bad coinsâ€.
Serious pesticide pollution
In addition to the external factors of overall environmental pollution, the pesticide contamination of artificial Chinese herbal medicines is also very prominent: (1) improper use of pesticides, such as the application of high-toxic, high-residue pesticides such as organic chlorine and organic phosphorus. This kind of pesticide will form a phenomenon of concentration, accumulation and embryo transfer in the human body, and its residual period in the soil is also longer; (2) the problem of abuse and misuse of pesticides is prominent, and most Chinese herbal medicines are produced in old, small, side, In poor areas, production is sporadic, farmers manage themselves, and operate independently. Because producers lack relevant technical knowledge, the problem of abuse and misuse of pesticides is serious. (3) Improper harvesting period. In order to speed up the production cycle and catch up, some medicinal materials production areas will be harvested shortly after the application of pesticides (the degradation period of pesticides has not passed, such as some systemic pesticides).
Dispersed processing, stable quality of medicinal materials
At present, the collection and processing of the source of Chinese herbal medicines in China is still dominated by the decentralized processing of thousands of households, and the collection time and method are very random. This one-family small-scale peasant economy model has caused inefficiency and caused the source of medicinal materials to be out of control. For example, some herbs are sulphur fumigation or high temperature drying, which greatly reduces the active ingredients of the medicinal materials; the backward sorting, cleansing process and unsuitable packaging materials also seriously affect the stability of the medicinal materials.
People who have a little understanding of rural life know that farmers can put food for daily necessities in the scorpion to prevent rodents and molds, and as a by-product medicinal material, find a corner and put it casually. Chicken and dog planing are commonplace. When someone buys, find a fertilizer bag and sell it. If the market is not good, it will be common to throw it in the yard for two or three years. And who is able to supervise the deterioration and pollution caused in the specific production process?
Transportation and warehousing quality are worrying
The secondary pollution problem after the original medicinal materials enter the transportation and storage links is equally serious. More prominent are the mixed drug, storage conditions and a variety of medicinal materials mixed storage; followed by the phenomenon of expired storage is more common, such as storage of more than 10 years of white peony, white peony can still be in the market circulation.
Excessive circulation, quality control is difficult
The medicinal materials industry has a bottom-line operation and small investment, and the management team has expanded sharply at the end of the last century. However, due to the transparent market formed by the rapid flow of information and the continuous strengthening of enterprises and production areas, the profit of medicinal materials that existed in many circulation links was gradually reduced. In order to maintain basic survival and meager profits, after the original medicinal materials entered the circulation of the medicinal materials market, various irregular behaviors emerged one after another, and counterfeiting and inferiority became increasingly fierce. The profits of some medicinal materials operators are basically achieved by water, doping, fake, sub-prime and even abducted.
This situation is not caused by inaction or ineffectiveness by the government, but its roots are the distribution of Chinese herbal medicine resources and the breadth of participants. In the clear place, managers are in the dark and scattered in all corners and various links. It is difficult for the industry to manage and regulate circulation in a unified manner, thus giving the rapist a chance. At present, the most prominent problems in the market are smoked sulphur, dyeing, snoring, and non-pharmaceutical substitutes. Especially when the prices of various medicinal materials were high last year, this kind of illegal phenomenon was even more embarrassing. It was almost impossible to find the angelica, Codonopsis pilosula, and honeysuckle pure goods that had not been beaten, and even the extracted Forsythia and safflower were re-entered into the market. Sales.
What is the harm caused by the loss of quality of Chinese herbal medicines?
Uncontrolled quality implicates the industrial chain
"Congenital deficiency, the day after tomorrow is difficult to make up", like the collapse of the dominoes, the source has a problem, the back-end flower and the great efforts can only be half-time or even helpless. If there is a problem with the intrinsic quality, then the sliced ​​pieces should be symmetrical, the canned and re-standardized, and the packaging should be fine. However, it is still unclear whether it is desirable to achieve the terminal quality control in accordance with the means of extracts and Chinese medicinal materials. After all, Chinese medicine belongs to a system-wide project, and the external manifestation is a cultural tradition, and the internal standard is the actual evaluation. Therefore, the application of scientific and technological means in the Chinese medicine industry must take into account the clinical effects and the acceptance of the public. The original medicinal material is the front end of the entire Chinese medicine industry chain, and it is also the link of the problem. Therefore, should scientific research also invest a certain amount of money and energy into the vast farmland to pay attention to the source problem?
The quality of medicinal materials is out of control and harms more than food.
The first is to affect treatment. In addition to the daily health supplements, more Chinese medicines are used to cure people and save lives. Second, passive acceptance, food deterioration and taste, people can at least decide not to buy or buy through appearance and experience. Eat or not, and the use of medicinal materials depends mostly on the doctor's prescription; the third is to distinguish the difficulty, the more beautiful the appearance of the medicinal materials, the worse the internal quality, the ordinary people can not judge by the naked eye; the fourth is the hidden hidden, the problem of Chinese medicine The harm of the human body is potential and gradually accumulated, and the damage caused is also long-term and irreversible. Once it breaks out, its adverse effects may exceed the "poisonous milk powder" and "poisonous kidney beans".
Source out of control and vicious circle
The impact of the source out of control on the downstream industry has already been mentioned. At the same time, under the influence of this hazard, the entire industry chain will form a new round of vicious circle. Namely: the quality of Chinese herbal medicines is out of control → the quality of Chinese herbal medicines and the quality of finished medicines decline → the destruction of traditional Chinese medicines → the shrinking of Chinese medicine consumption market → the inability to invest funds for industrial upgrading → the loss of quality control, the result of this vicious circle will eventually lead to a multi-party losing situation.
Therefore, although the Chinese medicine industry is a promising gold industry, if the development ideas and circulation system are not completely changed, this gold industry may fall in the hands of our generation. There are even extreme views that Chinese medicine zui will eventually be destroyed in Chinese medicine.
Where is the root cause of the problem?
After the "Poisonous Kidney Bean" incident, the inside and outside of the industry were indignant, and the society and the news media have explored the reasons behind the incident and proposed countermeasures in the light of the dead and regulating the starting point of the industry. These views include testing methods, agricultural technology promotion, industry integrity and even breaking the unspoken rules and interest chains. In contrast, the author believes that the root causes of the uncontrolled quality of agricultural products and Chinese herbal medicines are mainly in the following two aspects:
Inconsistency between management system and economic development
The rapid development of the economy will inevitably bring about a great improvement in material and cultural life, and the corresponding social management system, especially the modern service industry that is compatible with the basic industry, must keep pace with the times. At this stage, the large government and small government and the government's management structure have been unable to adapt to the growing material and cultural needs of the people. For the Chinese herbal medicine industry, on the one hand, “Jiulong Water Controlâ€, the management structure of each section is obviously contrary to the essence of the “holistic view†of Chinese medicine culture; on the other hand, even if there is a corresponding management department, it is increasingly refined and specialized in the industry. Today, the power of the government alone is obviously not enough. It is often that several people have to manage tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of industry participants, and the participants in the source of Chinese herbal medicine production and circulation are more than ten million? Even Sichuan, which is a major province for the production of Chinese herbal medicines in China, has less than 30 scientific and technological personnel for pest control, not to mention other provinces. Therefore, it is biased to blame the local government and the regulatory authorities in the "poisonous cowpea" incident.
The huge gap between the small-scale peasant economy and the modern industry
The sharp contradiction between small farmers and large markets has almost become a common problem in the process of agricultural industrialization. Decentralized farmers are often vulnerable groups in terms of information, capital and market control. "Wang Xiao two kinds of crops, others planting species", in the absence of effective organization and guidance, the drug farmers can only decide what to plant and how to plant according to the experience, the needs of small business hawkers and the purchase price. As for the standardization of planting, standardized processing, warehousing and green non-toxic and other major issues, it is far less attractive than the doubled increase in Zhuang Genling. For the Chinese medicine industry, the upper layer of the Chinese Medicine Building has been built to be more brilliant. If the foundation is still supported by the “6199â€* (the children and the elderly who stay in the countryside, and the main body of various raw materials collected and processed). Undoubtedly, "building a tower on the sand."
In fact, the target of all problems can be attributed to two words: "distributed"! The dispersion of management, the dispersion in production and processing, and the dispersion in operation until the dispersion in the warehouse logistics will inevitably lead to a loose sand. To solve the problem of "distribution", it is obviously impossible to solve the problem fundamentally by simply increasing the management department, management personnel or increasing supervision. It is necessary to establish a management framework and industrial system combining upper and lower levels; the upper layer should be managed in a unified manner for the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine industry, and the control of variable links should be controlled by the system; the grassroots should accelerate the intensification of the production and processing of Chinese herbal medicines and improve the organization of farmers. The third-party service platform, which is mainly supplemented by social forces, guides farmers to connect with the big market through information, technology, testing, warehousing logistics and production and sales docking.
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