Pollution-free Vegetable Production and Fertilization
1, fertilization type
The types of fertilizers allowed for pollution-free vegetable production include farmyard manure, including toilet manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw fertilizer, mud manure, and cake fertilizer. Except for green manure, other fertilizers should be used after maturity, and the harmful element content must not be Excessive standards. Commercial fertilizers include organic compound fertilizers, humic acid fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, and foliar fertilizers. Other fertilizers are foods that are free of harmful substances, fish residue, cattle sheep waste, bone meal, amino acids, residual bone glue waste, livestock and poultry processing waste, sweet and sour wastes, and other organic materials that are allowed to be registered by the agricultural administrative department. Various fertilizers.
The types of fertilizers that are not allowed to be used in the production of pollution-free vegetables include urban and rural garbage that has not been harmlessly disposed of, or garbage containing metal, rubber, plastics, and other harmful substances. No human feces and urine have been decomposed: Fertilizers and fertilizers that are expressly prohibited by the State and the province Registered fertilizer products.
2. Harmless method of organic fertilizer
Industrialized aerobic fermentation, anaerobic fermentation, and simple compost fermentation. The purpose of the harmless treatment of organic fertilizers is to transform or remove the substances in the organic fertilizers and the intended products, including the high content of high-carbon nitrogen and high content of soluble organic carbon, high levels of ammonium ions, etc., to kill pathogenic microorganisms and parasite eggs. Etc.: To achieve stable nutrients, easily absorbed by crops.
3, fertilization method. Reapply base fertilizer, basal fertilizer combined with topdressing, supplemented by foliar spray fertilizer.
(1) Safe application of nitrogen fertilizer
1 Adjust the amount of fertilizer according to specific conditions, so that the application of nitrogen fertilizer is economic and reasonable.
2 Strict implementation of safety intervals of nitrogen fertilizer application, with stems and leaves as edible organs forbidden application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer 20 days before harvest.
3 to promote the "nitrogen control, phosphorus, potassium" fertilization model.
(2) Prevention of deficiency diseases. Spraying foliar fertilizer, micro-fertilizer and sugar during the growing period of vegetables can prevent diseases caused by deficiency of nutrients.
(3) Excessive fertilization is harmful and excessive. In addition to environmental pollution caused by fertilization, the ecological environment that damages crop growth also affects the normal growth and development of crops.
1 excessive nitrogen fertilizer, causing harm. Promote the accelerated growth of crop leaves and stems, resulting in lust, madness, and disease resistance, affecting their supply of elements, and even causing disease. Affect the quality of agricultural products. For example, when cucumbers are used with excessive nitrogen and phosphorus, bubble blobs caused by low temperature and strong light, tomato urea caused by excessive application of urea caused by bacterial blight.
2 Phosphate overdose hazards. Some phosphorus fertilizers contain heavy metals. Rejuvenate crops, consume large amounts of sugar powder and energy, and affect plant growth. The proportion of ground and underground parts is inconsistent. Absorption of nutrients induces lack of other nutrients. Causes plant metabolic disorders, poor growth, leading to disease.
3 Overdose of organic fertilizer. Unreasonable stacking or disposal of organic fertilizers will cause environmental pollution. Excessive application of organic fertilizer can lead to the accumulation of heavy metals, nitrate accumulation, soil acidification and increased pathogens.
4, rational fertilization points
1 Adhere to a fertilization principle: adhere to the application of organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers.
2 to achieve two nutrient balance: NPK balanced nutrient balance between a large number of elements and trace elements.
3 flexible three fertilization methods: base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, top dressing.
4 Keep in mind the four principles of fertilization: nutrient return theory; minimum nutrient law; law of diminishing returns; factor comprehensive law.
5 Take into consideration five fertilization standards: quality, yield, economy, ecology, and soil improvement.
(16) Apply six fertilization techniques: fertilization type, fertilization amount, nutrient allocation ratio, fertilization period, fertilization method, fertilization location.
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