Grape injury management

The period from the early spring leaves to the sprouting leaves is called the period of the grapes, generally starting from about 20 days before germination. When the ground temperature reaches 5 to 8 degrees Celsius, the grape roots begin to absorb from the soil. Moisture and nutrients, the liquid in the tree begins to flow and undergo a series of biochemical reactions. If the grapes are trimmed or inadvertently wounded at this time, the sap will flow out of the cut or wound, which is a phenomenon of bleeding. Due to the large amount of water and nutrients contained in the wound fluid, the occurrence of wounds in the plant is extremely detrimental to the tree growth and resistance. Light weight affects the yield, and severe disease can cause plant death. Therefore, the management of grape bleeding season is extremely important. The specific measures are as follows:

1. Unearthed at a proper time. For those grapes that are not buried in the cold, the pruning must be completed before the occurrence of the bleeding phenomenon. For the cold-covered grapes, timely unearthing is important for the budding and robust growth in winter. Unearthed prematurely, the roots have not yet started to move, and the shoots are easily drained by the wind, and sometimes they may suffer from frost damage. If they are too late, the buds will germinate in the soil and they will be easily knocked off when they are put on the shelves, causing injury. The best period should use the local apricot tree as a reference plant, that is, when the apricot blossoms are to be released, the excavation is appropriate, generally in the middle of April. Remove the cover soil can be divided into 2 to 3 times, so that the plants gradually adapt to the external environment. For the first time, the soil on both sides and the surface layer was withdrawn after the soil was thawed; the cold-proof soil or plastic film was removed the second time when the local apricot bud spewed red; when the apricot flower was open, the soil was completely withdrawn. When removing soil, try to avoid touching the shoot buds to avoid injury. Immediately after it is unearthed.

2. Watering in time. After the grapes are unveiled, they must start pouring water from the shoots. The amount of irrigation water can be moistened with more than 50 cm of soil. In spring drought-sparing areas, water is poured once to meet the needs of sprouting and branching of grapes. Non-buried areas should be filled with germination water before germination according to rainfall conditions.

3. Scientific fertilization. Inferior period of fertilization of grape should be based on the application of quick-release fertilizer, commonly used urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, boric acid and so on. Because grapes are relatively sensitive to chloride ions, chlorine-containing fertilizers such as potassium chloride are not recommended. The demand for potassium from grapes exceeds that of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. Therefore, more potassium fertilizer should be applied. The application amount and nitrogen fertilizer can be equal or multiple times. Generally, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2:1:2.5. For the orchards that did not use basal fertilisers last autumn and winter, organic fertilizers should only be applied to soil layers above 30 cm in depth, so as not to damage the roots and cause injury. Fertilization can be combined with watering.

4. Increase the temperature. In early spring, the temperature fluctuates and becomes extremely unstable. After watering, the ground temperature rises slowly. Therefore, after the soil preparation, fertilization, and watering, the white plastic film shall be fully covered in the grapevine in order to rapidly increase the temperature of the ground. At the same time, it has a good effect in eradicating weeds, reducing pests and diseases, maintaining soil moisture, improving soil structure, promoting the early flowering of grapes, and mentioning the morning market. If you want to make other crops, you can directly broadcast in the film.

5. Beware of cold damage. After the grape buds sprout, they often suffer from cold air or night frost and cold damage. Therefore, at this time, the weather should not be taken lightly. The fruit grower should watch the weather forecast day by day, always pay attention to the weather changes, pay close attention to the cold air movement and cooling rate, and take timely. Corresponding measures, generally put thicker white plastic bags on the newly emerged branches, can greatly reduce the degree of cold damage. The method is: The mouth of the bag is down, and it is fastened on the main trunk near the mulch. After germination, the bag is used to puncture the air with a nail. When the minimum temperature is stable at 10°C~13°C, the bag can be removed.

6. Prevent diseases. Preventing grape diseases in early spring can effectively control the summer and autumn pests and diseases, promote tree transformation and increase plant resistance. First of all, keep the orchards clean. This is a fundamental measure to prevent and control pests and diseases. It is imperative to thoroughly clean the land before unearthing, and clean up the fallen leaves, branches, old skin, diseased fruits, and weeds, and burn them together. Secondly, spray 3 to 5 Baume Degree Lithium Sulfur Compound or 50% Formamide Astable WP to 200 times, or 50% Ketandan WP to 200 X before spraying. White rot, anthrax, powdery mildew, downy mildew, brown spot, and other overwintering bacteria all have good effects.

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