As the saying goes: The orchards don't have winter irrigation, they are cold and suffer from drought; the orchards irrigate winter water and open the spring. The temperature in winter is high this year, with low precipitation and snowfall. High-temperature winters are likely to cause drought in orchards and affect the storage of winter nutrients in fruit trees and the growth of spring. Therefore, it is advisable for the orchards to conduct a winter irrigation before the soil freezes to promote the weakening of the fruit trees. A good harvest will be achieved in the coming year. According to an expert advisory group of the newspaper and associate expert Ma Zhifeng of the Yangling Vocational and Technical College fruit miscellaneous expert, the temperature is higher this winter, and in addition to dealing with drought in the orchard, it is also necessary to make early preparations to prevent the “cold spring†and fruit tree pests from harming the growth of fruit trees.
Timely winter irrigation guarantees prosperity
The most effective way to deal with drought in orchards is to carry out winter irrigation. Ma Zhifeng said that winter irrigation can effectively relieve the orchard drought. First of all, winter irrigation increases soil moisture, which can not only increase the frost resistance of fruit trees, but also prevent drought in winter and early spring, and is beneficial to the absorption of water and nutrients by roots, thereby increasing the frost resistance and drought resistance of fruit trees. Secondly, the winter irrigation of fruit trees can accelerate the maturity of organic fertilizers, which is conducive to the absorption of minerals by roots and increase the accumulation of nutrients by trees. Again, the winter irrigation can make the soil in a wet state, which can effectively avoid problems such as wind erosion, root exposure and lodging. The time of winter irrigation of fruit trees is the appropriate period of winter irrigation after the fruit is harvested and before the soil is frozen. Winter irrigation is too early, the temperature is high, and evaporation is large, which is not conducive to water conservation. Too late will be due to low temperatures, soil compaction, water infiltration can not go, the frozen water freezes, so that the fruit tree roots suffered freezing injury. Well-conditioned well farmers should adopt well irrigation methods. In the orchards, fruit trees are used for digging, digging, repairing drainage channels, and discharging water to open the gates to ensure adequate irrigation. Wherever conditions permit, dropper irrigation and sprinkler irrigation can be used. At the same time, it is also possible to prevent droughts by growing grass and improving soils.
Dealing with frost prevention is more important than cure
Ma Zhifeng said that because of the warm winter, the deciduous fruit trees will be released from dormancy in advance, and the ability of various organs to withstand freezing injury will be drastically reduced. Particularly, after a rapid temperature rise, they will be more vulnerable to strong cold currents. “It is necessary to take precautions against frost when the temperature drops below 5°C. Prevention of fruit frosts should be based on prevention.†said Ma Zhifeng. Preventive measures that can be taken for frost include: 1. Irrigation, orchard irrigation increases the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the soil, and has a strong regulatory effect on the temperature change. 2. The trunk is painted white, and water, quicklime, and lime sulfur are mixed in proportions to whiten the trunk to reduce the absorption of solar energy during the daytime and reduce the damage caused by the sudden drop of temperature at night. 3. To promote the flow of air, in the clear night without wind, use a large hair dryer to blow air, stir the air flow, avoid cold air deposition, and harm the fruit trees. 4. Smoke, smoke orchard in the orchard can reduce the radiation of heat, resist cold air intrusion, increase the temperature of the orchard, and improve the orchard's microclimate. After the fruit trees encounter frozen damage, they must strengthen the comprehensive management of soil and fertilizer, conduct artificial pollination, increase the fruit setting rate, and timely pruning, pest control, and minimize the loss.
Prevent pests and diseases thoroughly and effectively
Ma Zhifeng said that the rough skin of fruit trees often hides a variety of diseases and insect pests, such as red spider mites, small leaf curlers, and so on. Clear gardens should be thoroughly scraped off in order to check the trunk, branches, and saw blades. If there is no rot disease, if it is found to be completely scraped (the white part is scraped white), when scraping the bark and rot, the plastic film is placed under the tree, and the scraped bark, the diseased body and the like are all put away and burned. Drop it. Secondly, the dead branches, fallen leaves, and rotten fruits on the ground should be thoroughly cleaned out of the park so as to avoid the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. “The Qingyuan Garden should catch up early and it should be cleaned up when the temperature is low. After the cleaning is completed, the whole tree should be smeared with lime sulfur to prevent infection,†said Ma Zhifeng. He also emphasized that it is best to spray insecticides on the whole tree from the bud to the flowering period, and to completely eliminate the locusts and spider mites left in the clear garden. For orchards with serious diseases in previous years, they should also be sprayed with fungicides. Fungicides should be used without selective broad-spectrum fungicides, which can inhibit diseases and insect pests.
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