(I) Morphological structure
1. The morphology of mycelia and sclerotinia mushroom is divided into two parts: mycelia and fruiting body. The edible part is the fruit body of chestnut mushroom, also called mushroom body. The mycelium and fruit body of the chestnut mushroom are all interwoven with mycelium.
Chestnut hyphae can form sclerotia in winter or in adverse environments. The sclerotia have a diameter of 5-15 cm. The outer layer of sclerotia is densely intertwined with mycelium and is dark brown in color. Sclerotia consist of dense mycelium, soil grit and matrix. The sclerotia are both dormant organs for wintering and nutrient storage organs, and the generation of wild chestnut mushrooms is continued by sclerotia. Therefore, wild chestnut mushrooms can grow year after year at the same location.
2. Fruiting body It is the reproductive organ of chestnut mushroom. A mature fruit body consists of a plurality of caps (coloring picture 19), overlapping into imbricate, is a group of living organisms.
(1) Cap fungus mushroom mushroom flesh, fan-shaped or spoon-shaped, diameter 2--8 cm, thickness 2-7 mm. Gray to greyish black (the color of the cap is related to the variety and light intensity), with radial stripes, thin edges, and inward curl. When young, there is a round of 2-8 mm white edges along the outer edge of the cap, which is the growing point of the cap, and the white side disappears when the fruit body matures. When the fruiting body is tender, the back of the cap is white. After the fruiting body matured, the back of the cap had a burrow-shaped porous sub-ply, the bacilli were 1-4 mm long, 20-32 holes per square centimeter, and the tubes were white and polygonal. Bacterial holes on the side of the child with solid layer, can produce basidiospores. Mushrooms are printed with white spores and observed under a microscope. The spores are oval and smooth.
(2) The stipe of stipe is more branched, lateral, flat cylindrical, medium solid, grayish white, fleshy (homogenous with the cap). When mature, the bacillus extends to the stipe.
(b) natural ecological wild chestnut mushrooms occur around the roots of chestnut trees, most of them have weeds, weeds mainly include ursula grass, valerian grass, setaria grass, hot grass and wormwood. If it is sunny in the daytime, the growth of chestnut mushrooms is not significant, but the color is deep and the aroma is large. On rainy days and at night, chestnut mushrooms grow fast, but the color is light and the aroma is poor. The soil grown by wild chestnut mushrooms is mostly sandy soil containing rot leaves and rotting root hairs. The sand grains are fine, such as flour, and the rough ones are peanuts to chestnut-sized rocks. The moisture content of sandy soil is 20-25%, pH6.5.
After picking down the wild chestnut mushroom, it is dug down from the base and connected with the fruiting body is a mycelial fungus. In the 15-4O cm underground area, the mycelium is criss-cross and connected to multiple sclerotia. Both mycelial and sclerotia are a mixture of white mycelium combined with sand and stones. The texture is hard and brittle. The diameter of mycelia is 2.0-3.5 cm. The sclerotia is 5 - 2O cm chunks. The bark with the sclerotia was peeled off and viewed, and the phloem was covered with a white mycelium. The bark tissue with the mycelium was necrotic, but the humidity was high. On the surface of the xylem, there is a part of white rot that is nearly round, 6-8 cm in diameter, and is covered with a mycelium tow, which leads to the inside of the xylem. It can be shown that chestnut mushrooms are white woody rot fungi, and the white rot of chestnut trees is formed by the erosion of mycelium of chestnut mushrooms. Hyphae has a harmful effect on live chestnut trees.
The fungus is the nutrient transport line of wild chestnut mushrooms, and the sclerotia is the nutrient storage body of the wild chestnut mushrooms to survive the bad environment. Wild chestnut mushrooms can occur from the same chestnut tree roots for several years in a row because of its underground sclerotia. The nutrients obtained from the decomposition of the xylem by mycelium of the chestnut mushroom are continuously transmitted to the sclerotia by the bacilli, and a large amount of nutrients are stored in the sclerotia. When the external conditions are suitable, the fruit body grows by these nutrients.
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