Coprinus comatus has a unique flavor and is considered a delicacy. It is a meaty, delicious, nutritious, and has a significant effect on the treatment of diabetes, stomach problems and lowering blood pressure, and is well received by consumers.
First, Coprinus comatus cultivation materials and preparation of Coprinus comatus adaptability, is China's edible fungus cultivation method is the most simple, most flexible, one of the most abundant varieties of raw materials. Such as: corn cobs, corn stalks, straw, high-grain stalks, bean stalks, high-yield shells are all good raw materials for cultivation of Coprinus comatus.
Culture medium preparation:
1. Corncob 80%, rice bran 20%, gypsum 1%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, quicklime 3%, urea 0.2%, carbendazim (content 50%) 0.1%, moisture content between 60% to 65%.
2. Corn stover 80%, rice bran 20%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, quicklime 3%, gypsum 1%, urea 0.2%, carbendazim (content 50%) 0.1%, moisture content between 60% to 65%.
3. Soybean straw 40%, corn cob 40%, rice bran 20%, gypsum 1%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, quicklime 3%, urea 0.1%, carbendazim (content 50%) 0.1%, moisture content 60% to 65 %between.
4. Rice straw 80%, rice bran 20%, gypsum 1%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, quicklime 3%, urea 0.1%, carbendazim (content 50%) 0.1%, moisture content between 60% to 65%.
5. Corn cob 40%, corn stover 40%, rice bran 20%, gypsum 1%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, quicklime 3%, urea 0.1%, carbendazim (content 50%) 0.1%, water content 60% to 65 %between.
Note: The corn cob and straw in the above formula are all crushed into corn kernels with a pH of 8-9.
Second, spices and heap fermentation Each pile of 250 to 500 kilograms, the phosphate fertilizer, lime mixed in the rice bran, and then mixed with other materials mix. Dissolve the urea and carbendazim in water, add it to the mixture, and piling it into a stack that is 1.5 meters wide, 1 to 1.2 meters high, and has an unlimited length. It is compacted. Then, two rows of holes 5 cm in diameter and deep to the bottom of the pile were drilled around the heap with a wooden stick every 40 cm for aerobic fermentation. About 3 to 5 days, the temperature within the material can reach about 60°C, and it starts to turn over the first time. After every 2 days, it is piled once and turned 3 or 4 times in total to produce a small amount of white feather-like actinomycetes. Fermentation time is 12 to 16 days.
Third, the bag production and cultivation
1. Select bag cultivation bags can be used folding diameter of 2.5 to 2.6 cm, 1 to 2 plastic bags, and then cut into length of 45 cm, head and spare. Such bags require about 18 kg per 5,000 kg of material.
2. Bagging Inoculation The greenhouse is closed the day before, and 500 ml of formaldehyde, 50 ml of dichlorvos, and 15 kg of water are sprayed for every 50 meters of the shed. Another 2.5 kg of sulfur ignited, sealed for 24 hours to kill the shed inside the bacteria pests. Before bagging, a good pile of material will be spread out, so that the material temperature will fall below 30°C and bagging will begin. The strains are bred into Yundou size, first put a strain of bacteria on one end of the bag, put a layer of culture material about 8 centimeters on top, and then put a layer of bacteria (the intermediate strains are placed around the bag), for a total of 4 The layer of strains is 3 layers, and the last bag is put in a layer of strain and the strains at both ends are slightly more.
3. The germs will be packed in bags and cultivated, stacking 6 to 7 layers, the temperature within the material should be controlled at 20 ~ 26 °C, the maximum can not exceed 30 °C. Approximately 5 days or so, needles are used to drill 8 to 10 holes at both ends of the bag and the middle bacterium layer. During the incubation period, the bacterial bag should be turned and checked 2 or 3 times, ie every 8 to 10 days. When turning the pile, it is necessary to make up-down, inside-outside, and side-by-side exchanges with each other. The purpose is to make the bacteria bag evenly contact with the air and the temperature so as to balance the germs. During the cultivation of bacteria bags, attention should be paid to ventilation and ventilation, and ventilation and air exchange can be combined with adjusting the temperature. When the temperature is high, the bacteria shed must be ventilated and cooled, and when the bacteria temperature is high, they should be ventilated. Such as: Open the mushroom shed and cover, open all the air vents to convection the air, thereby increasing the air flow, reduce the temperature, improve the rate of bacteria production.
During the cultivation of bacteria bags, care should be taken to prevent moisture and light. The moisture required by the hyphae in the bag is not supplied by the outside but is provided by the existing moisture in the medium. For this purpose, the bacteria shed must be dry and the air humidity should be kept at 70°C. %about. If the site is wet and the air humidity is too high, it can cause germs to grow and cause bacterial bag contamination. Therefore, the fungus shed should not be wet. The mycelial growth stage does not require light, and it grows faster than light in dark conditions. Therefore, in the stage of mycelial growth, the fungus shed should try to avoid light, and mycelium can be quickly, neatly, evenly and stably. Strong light has an inhibitory effect on mycelium. According to the above management method, the bacterial bag can be filled for about 20-30 days.
Fourth, the cover of the production
1. Because Coprinus comatus has the property of not covering the soil with mushrooms, covering the soil is an extremely important task in the cultivation of Coprinus comatus. The quality of the casing material preparation and the disinfection process are completely affected, which directly affects the yield and quality of the mushroom.
2. The selection and physicochemical properties of the casing material should meet the needs of growth of Coprinus comatus. The basic requirements are loose structure, high porosity, good ventilation performance, and a certain granular structure, such as clay loam, vegetable garden soil, river mud and so on.
3. Preparation of earth-covered materials. 75% of clay loam or river mud. Furnace ash slag 25%, phosphate fertilizer 0.5%, quicklime 1%, carbendazim 0.1%, dichlorvos 0.1%, pH value 8-9, water amount. Soil grip in hand into a group, touch the scattered.
V. Trampoline treatment and bag removal
1. The boring machine handles the leveling of the boring machine, leaving an aisle in the middle after filling with large water, and uses a concrete dam with a height of about 25 cm to disperse a small amount of lime.
2. Bag-removing and soil-covering The sterilizing bacteria bags will be put into the treated trampoline after unpacking. The gap is filled with a well-treated nutrient soil, and a 3 to 5 cm thick nutrient soil is coated on the fungus bar. After covering the soil, the top cover film shall be kept moist and the temperature shall be kept at 12~25°C. Pay attention to keep the soil moist and strengthen ventilation. About 15 to 20 days of earthing, the hyphae can penetrate the overburden and form the primordia to form fruiting bodies, and spray water once. The fruit body maintains high humidity and certain astigmatism during the growth phase, but it is not possible to spray large water and keep the ground moist. Strengthen ventilation and ventilation, management mainly to grasp the temperature and humidity. When the temperature exceeds 25°C in the female shed, cooling and humidification are the main factors. The spray-like water keeps the ground moist. When ventilating, strong wind should be avoided to blow directly into the trampoline, so as not to affect the color and quality of the mushroom. According to the number of mushrooms, the amount of ventilation can be controlled flexibly. During the low-temperature season, it is ventilated at 11 to 14 hours every day. During the high-temperature season, it is ventilated every morning and evening, and the amount of ventilation is increased on rainy days. The mushrooming temperature is controlled between 8 and 25°C, the optimum temperature is between 14 and 18°C, and the humidity is maintained between 80% and 90%.
When the fruit body grows to be cylindrical or bell-shaped, the color changes from shallow to deep, and when the cap and fungal ring are not separated or just loosened, they must be timely picked. After the first tidal mushroom is harvested, the dead mushroom and mushroom root should be cleaned in a timely manner to make up for the cover soil; one-time make up the water, manage the temperature and humidity, and raise the next tidal mushroom.
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