According to the characteristics of soybean grain yield components, the relationship between various yield factors must be coordinated at a given fertility and cultivation level in order to fully realize the potential of soybean varieties and increase yield.
I. Soybean rotation and intercropping
More than three years of rotation of different crops should be implemented so that they do not weigh and do nothing. According to the proportion of crops grown in the region and the different crops to fertility, fertility, reasonable utilization of space, and productivity levels, it is necessary to give full play to the role of soybean fertilization in crop rotation so that all crops can receive the most effective branching. The rotation of summer soybeans is generally based on soybeans planted in winter wheat (rape), two crops a year or with wheat (canola), corn and other crop rotation, intercropping five years cooked system.
Second, choose a good species
According to the local natural conditions, farming systems and cultivation purposes, the selection of growth period, oil and protein suitable varieties can produce high quality and high yields. At present, the varieties that are suitable for cultivation in our province are Zhonghuang No. 9, Yudou No. 16, Yudou 23, etc.
Third, field management
(I) Strive for seedlings and seedlings
The summer sowing soybeans often suffer from heavy rain after sowing, and the topsoil forms a hard layer, which makes the cotyledons difficult to unearth. In severe cases, the seedlings are cut off and the seedlings are replanted, and the seedlings are replanted in a timely manner.
(b) Field Management
1. Seedling management. Kind is the foundation and management is the key. According to the different requirements of different growth periods of soybeans on the environment and the characteristics of soybeans in different growth periods, corresponding management measures are adopted to obtain high yields. specific measure:
1 check seedlings, make up seedlings
After the emergence of soybean seedlings, seedlings make up for lack of seedlings to ensure seedlings, and time seedlings removed seedlings to reach seedlings, seedlings strong.
2 seedlings and Dingmiao
The seedlings are effective measures to ensure that the seedlings are uniform, strong and strong, and that proper close planting is implemented. It is usually carried out after the seedlings are filled and the seedlings are spread to two flats. According to plan, the seedling density will be set.
3 Strengthen the cultivator
Immediately after the seedlings, cultivator rushes grass, with the cultivator rush grass, to the roots of the soil, and gradually raise soil rake, see seedlings irrigation irrigation, thin ground without applying base fertilizer, in order to protect the seedlings can be fertilizer at the seedling stage, ammonium nitrate per acre 5 ~ 7.5 kg, superphosphate 7.5 ~ 15 kg, if the lack of irrigation should be reasonable. If the seedlings have leggy seedlings, in the sunny days at noon on the first compound leaves to suppress sturdy ridge, can play the role of pressure seedlings to promote root.
2. Flowering and pod management. In the flowering and fruiting period, it mainly strives for more flowers, flowers and flowers to prevent flower buds from falling off, increasing flowering and increasing pods. Specific measures are: continue to rake the grass before mulching, see the seedlings as appropriate to the water and fertilizer, weak seedlings at the beginning of the flowering period topdressing, strong seedlings do not top fertilizer to prevent leggy. During the flowering period, the phosphate fertilizer has obvious effect. High-yielding fields can be used to prevent lodging and prosperous growth. Promptly prevent and treat pests and diseases, otherwise it will cause no harvest during the rainy season.
3. Drum ripening management. Promote the transfer of nutrients to the grains, promote grain full weight, early maturity is the center of management during this period. The lack of water during this period will increase the number of maggots and pods, and the weight of 100 grains will decline. In case of drought and rain in autumn, it should be watered in time, and attacking grains with water has a significant impact on increasing yield and quality. Soybean yellow ripe for the appropriate period.
IV. Pest Control
(I) Diseases
Soybean gray spot
Symptoms: At the beginning of adult stage, the lesions of the leaves appear reddish-brown at the beginning, and then expand into round, oval or irregular shapes, the edges reveal color, the middle is gray-brown.
The law of occurrence: low temperature and rainy seedlings, heavy onset, often caused by lack of seedlings. The adult disease epidemic is closely related to rainfall and variety resistance.
Control method: In the initial stage of disease, spray 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times, 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or 65% zeocin zinc wettable powder 500-600 times liquid.
Soybean mosaic disease
Symptoms: The typical symptoms are a marked dwarfing of the plant, the leaf fading along the veins and veins, and soon become dark green, light green and white mosaic.
The law of occurrence: Whereever the high rate of seed poisoning, large number of aphids and early, high temperature, drought years, the incidence of soybean disease.
Control methods: plant disease-resistant varieties, cure lice, and eliminate diseased plants in time.
Soybean downy mildew
Symptoms: In the adult stage, irregular or round yellow-green spots appear on the front of the leaves, and then gradually become gray-brown.
The law of occurrence occurs from May to June in the Yangtze River and the Jiangnan region and from July to August in the Northeast and North China. When the climate is relatively cool, in the event of rain and humidity, the occurrence of disease is widespread and prone to be popular.
Control method: Spray 1:1∶200 times Bordeaux mixture, 65% dexamethasone 500 times solution and 50% thiram WP, 500～800 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600～800 times Liquid 1 to 2 times.
(b) Insect pests
Symptoms of bean cyst nematode disease: After the host is affected, the roots show underdeveloped roots, root nodules decrease, and fibrous roots increase.
Occurrence pattern: The optimum temperature for the growth and development of soybean cyst nematode is 17°C～28°C, and it cannot develop below 10°C.
Control methods: 2.5% aldicarb, 2.5 kg, and 10% glyphosate, 2 kg. The above agents are mainly used for soil treatment.
Bean Phthalocyanine
Occurrence pattern: The first-generation adults of the 2nd generation area appear from May to August, concentrating on the damage of early sowing soybeans, and later transferring the vegetables, such as eggplant and tomatoes. The second-generation adult was transferred to vegetables and other host plants in mid-August, and the quantity gradually decreased.
Control methods: Spray 90% crystal trichlorfon diluted 1000 times.
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