The late autumn yellow pear was formerly known as Langfang No. 08 pear. It was a variation of the “Sanshui†pear discovered in 1993 in Beining City, Liaoning Province. The scientific staff of the Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences used it for 8 years to successfully breed. It passed through Langfang, Hebei Province, in February 2002. The Scientific and Technical Committee identified that the Xinji City demonstration base of the Langfang Academy of Agricultural Sciences was introduced in 1999 and has now grown to more than 80 hectares in Xinji City.
1. Variety Characteristics Growth Result Habits Late autumn yellow pears with small crowns suitable for dense planting, young trees strong growth potential, dark green leaves, thick leaves, very easy flowers, medium flowers, white pollination, high fruit set rate, self-flowering Pollination inflorescence fruit set rate of 74%, fruit set rate of 67%, flower buds in the early stage of the main results, mainly after 3 years with short fruit branch results, strong wind resistance, natural fruit drop rate is extremely low.
Fruit economic traits Yellow pears are oblate and fruity in late autumn. The average fruit weight is 415 grams and the maximum fruit weight is 1400 grams. The juice has a sweet taste with a cantaloupe-like aroma. The soluble solids content is 15%. The peel is thin, yellow-brown Yellow-brown, large but not obvious fruit, white and dense flesh, small stone cells, crisp and delicious.
During the phenological period, flower buds sprouted in late March, sprouted in early April, flowered in mid-April, flowering period was 7-10 days, and leaf development stage was in late April. In mid-July to August, the fruit expansion period occurred in September and matured in late September. From flowering to fruit ripening for 143 days, the leaves fall in mid-November.
The results of the second year after the early harvest of strong early planting and the third year of high yield yielded an average yield of 21 kilograms per mu and a yield of 2840 kilograms per mu. For the trees that grow taller, they will become flowers, and most of the production will be restored in the second year, and the original production will be restored in the third year.
Strong resistance to pests and diseases This species does not suffer from diseases such as ringworm disease, black spot disease, and spotted leaf disease. Pygmy lice, pear stem bees, yellow mealworms, and whitefly have a low degree of harm, and they are less likely to be used in pest control.
The economic benefits are obvious: the orchard purchase price was RMB 6/kg in 2002. After statistics and calculations, the input-output ratio for the five years was 1:5.37, and the average annual income was RMB 3,680/mu, which was quite effective.
Strong storage and transportation properties can be stored under natural conditions from June to July in the second year, with a shelf life of up to 10 months.
The fruit rate is high and sweet and has a melon flavor.
Strong wind resistance Natural drop rate is extremely low.
2. High-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques
2.1 Construction of the garden Although the requirements for soil are not strict, well-drained sandy loam soil is preferred. The row spacing is 1.5m 2m, 2m 2m, 2m 3m, 111-222 per acre, no pollination tree also may.
Dig pits (80 centimeters, 80 centimeters, and 70 centimeters) before digging. Apply 20 kg of organic fertilizer to each plant. Apply 2 kg of high quality compound fertilizer or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to the pit. , And poured 1 big water.
Colonization can be divided into autumn colonization and spring colonization, autumn colonization is better than the spring colonization, early rooting, rapid growth, planting on the basis of the original pit, dig 30 cm deep pit seedlings, extend lateral roots, practical, maintain the depth of the original nursery After pouring enough water and letting the soil dry, seal 15 cm high mounds at the base of the seedlings to maintain moisture. Half seedlings can be cut short at the top of the mound. Before germination, they are cut at 1 cm above the sprouts to stimulate buds. Grow.
2.2 Pruning The suitable tree is a spindle or a slender spindle. When the half-length becomes 50 to 60 cm, the heart is picked up. Four new leaves are removed and the new shoots are removed. The 70 cm of the seedlings after setting is planted and fixed. The new branch, the second year in late May, pulls branches to cultivate trees.
2.3 Flower and fruit management The sparse flower is the key measure of the variety because it has a large amount of flowers, a high fruit setting rate, and a large consumption of nutrients during the flowering period. It must be timely sparsely flowered. Sparse flowering time begins at the inflorescence separation period and ends before flowering. The sparse flower method: Leave an inflorescence every 20-25 cm, and remove all the rest. Be careful not to damage the buds under the inflorescence. Thinning fruit on the basis of the sparse flower, according to the load every 20 to 25 cm to leave 1 single fruit, must be sparse.
2.4 bagging time In mid-June, black ash can be used, or outside the black wood pulp bag.
2.5 Water and Fertilizer Management Basal fertilizer is applied in the middle and early October of the fruit-picking period. Each kilogram of 5,000 kilograms of quality decomposed farmyard manure is applied, supplemented with appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer and trace elements. It is best to deep-dip after spreading. The pre-emergent, pre-flowering and fruit-enhancing stages of the topdressing fertilizer were mainly dominated by nitrogen fertilizers, which accounted for 1/3 of the annual nitrogen topdressing rate. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were the main components in the later stage. Watering for 3 to 4 times a year can be used to pour 1 water before, after, during fruit expansion, and before freezing. The spring drought was more moderately watered, and the water was controlled in September.
2.6 Diseases and Insect Pest Control This species has strong disease resistance. In daily management, except spraying 3 to 5 degrees lime sulfur in spring, it is less sprayed than other varieties. In terms of insect pests, mainly pear wood worms, yellow mealworms, aphids, and whitefly were used as the main pests. In order to seize the key period, high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides were selected.
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