Prevention of corn leaf spot disease
Symptoms and Infection Cycles
Maize spot disease has occurred in various corn producing areas in China, and the incidence is heavier in the northeast, northern North China, and southern mountain regions. In the year of major outbreak, the output is generally reduced by 15% to 20%, and severe cases are reduced by about 50%. Large leaf spot can occur during the whole growth period, but it rarely occurs at the seedling stage and gradually increases at the later stage. A large fusiform spot is formed on the diseased leaf. The diseased spot is yellow-brown or gray-gray, and the middle part is light in color with a deeper edge. The length is 5～ 10 cm, width 1.2 to 1.5 cm, several lesions are connected to each other when severe, and the leaves die prematurely.
The corn leaf spot disease occurs more severely in China's Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin. Generally, the yield is reduced by about 20%, and when it is severe, the output is reduced by about 70%. Small spot disease can occur throughout the reproductive period and occurs later. The disease mainly damages the leaves and occasionally also damages the leaf sheaths, wraps and seeds. The lesions are small and manifest in 3 types:
The first type, the lesions are oval, the central tan, purple or dark brown edges, when the air humidity is high, the surface of the lesions are ash-brown sparsely moldy layer, and the diseased leaves turn yellow and die.
In the second type, the lesions are oval or spindle-shaped, and the lesions are relatively large. The central grayish-brown or pale yellow color generally has no obvious margins. In the later stages, it is slightly camouflaged. The surface of the lesions under the condition of high temperature and high humidity is brownish brown. When there are a large number of leaf lesions, they quickly die of wilting.
The third type, yellow-brown necrotic small spots formed on the leaves, yellow halos around the lesions, minimal surface mold layer, leaf sheath and leaf lesions larger, spindle-shaped, dense layer of gray moldy surface. The ear is affected by the gray mold layer, and the ear is rotted when it is severe.
The occurrence and prevalence of corn leaf spot disease are closely related to climatic conditions, breed resistance, management level and site conditions. Air humidity is high, and when the temperature is moderate, the disease is heavy. The disease resistance of poor varieties is heavy. Continuous cropping, low-lying landform, poor drainage, heavy clay, and inadequate fertilization all increase the incidence.
Control methods:
A. Select resistant varieties and pay attention to crop rotation. The larger the area of ​​rotation, the better.
B. When every 20 kg of seeds are sowed, use 25 g of “Tianda Kind Po†+ 2.5% of Colophony 100 ml, dilute 375 g of water, and sow seeds after drying. Do not suffocate.
C. Pay attention to the application of organic fertilizers, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, zinc fertilizers, and biological bacterial fertilizers, and apply sufficient nitrogen fertilizer to ensure that the corn plants are robust and improve the disease resistance.
D. Spray 600 times of corn when it is sprayed with 3 to 4 leaves. Tianda Zhuang Miaoling + 6000 times 96% Tianda Hymexazol liquid. When it is 7 to 10 leaves, spray 600 times. Tianda Liangbao + 600 times 70%. Manganese zinc, or 600 times the "days of food treasure" +800 times 72% DuPont Kelu liquid, once every 7 days, continuous spraying 2 to 3 times, can effectively prevent large and small leaf spot. When spraying, adding 1000 times 3% saccharose or 1500 times acetamiprid can prevent the occurrence of pests such as aphids, thrips, fly fleas, swans and other pests, and can control corn sheath blight, crude shrinkage and other diseases, increase production About 15% of corn.
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