Our country is the origin of the camphor. Since ancient times, there have been traditional habits of planting camphors in front of houses and in the fields in rural areas of China. Axillary buds not only contain high protein, fat, vitamins and other nutrients, but also rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, magnesium and other trace elements. It is a woody vegetable with high color and high nutritional value. . However, due to the extensive management of long-term scattered camphor trees, the yield and quality of the camphor have been seriously affected. The trimming and management techniques are now described as follows:
First, trim
1. Spring cut fragrant spring plucking belongs to the shape trimming, which is generally carried out simultaneously with the bud bud harvesting. From the second year after the cultivation of the camphor, the top buds of the 2-year-old treetops were removed, and two to three sprouts were germinated in the same year. If the height of the trunk is appropriate, the sprouts can be retained, and after the lignification, 2 to 3 side branches will be formed; if the height of the trunk is too high, the new shoots can be topped (not all the shoots can be taken), and the lower shoots are sprouted to sprout new shoots. The desired position retains 2 to 3 germinated sprouts, which become collateral after lignification. After the third year, the tops of the three lateral branches will produce new shoots. When trimming, the top buds of the three lateral branches will be removed. In the same year, two or three new lateral buds will be sprouted from each side branch, and new collaterals will be formed after lignification. After this is formed, there are 6 to 9 backbone branches per tree. Such tree-shaped trunks are tall, with large branches, thick canopy layers, good ventilation and lighting, large harvesting surface, and relatively stable yield.
2. Summer shear Because the yield and quality of the citron are mainly determined by the number of buds, the number of branches per unit area and the number of buds can be high. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the necessary summer shaping and pruning of the camphor tree to promote its formation. branch. Summer pruning is generally carried out at about 3 pm on the sunny day of June to August, which is good for wound healing and avoids slashing on cloudy days. On the fragrant tree after trimming, the overgrown and over-high branches are topped or truncated to promote the germination of the lateral buds to form new branches and rejuvenate the weaker parts, forming more short buds with full buds.
3. Winter shearing Winter pruning is best done in early winter (or late autumn) or early spring dormancy. After 1 year, there are dense branches, weak branches, diseased branches, dead branches and perennial old branches. The pruning knife axe should be sharp. When trimming, it should be cut tightly from the bottom to the trunk. The incision should be smooth and the wound should be small. Do not harden or strain the bark, affecting the growth and development of trees.
4. Rejuvenation After 7-8 years of harvesting, when the germination site moves to the outer layer of the canopy, the growth becomes weaker, the sprouts are less and thin, indicating that the tree head is aging, and the head should be updated. The change of head is usually carried out during the spring germination. Method: From the 3rd year, the branches are cut and left, that is, all the branches born after the third year are cut off. Note that the length of branching stubble in the third year should be 20~30cm, in order to promote the promotion of new branches, keep the tree shape intact, and the tree body is strong. In the year after the change of the head, sprouts should be grown on each stubble, but excessive pruning will result in poor growth of the tree. If there is not enough sputum, sprouts will often grow on the backbone of the second year, making the tree shape worse. Some rejuvenation only leaves the trunk, which will cause many branches to be reborn. Excessive pruning will also cause tree death.
Second, management
1.Insulation incense is warm and suitable for cultivation in areas with an average annual temperature of 8 °C ~ 10 °C. The newly planted young plants will freeze and die at -10 °C. Therefore, in the cold regions of the north, the newly planted young plants should be kept warm in winter. Prevent frostbite.
2. Fertilizer water is the early fast-growing tree species, which has strong adaptability to soil, but it is best for sandy loam with deep soil, rich calcium and fertile soil. Citron absorbs most nitrogen, followed by potassium and phosphorus. Every autumn and winter season, you can open the ring ditch and apply appropriate amount of high-quality farmyard manure, plant ash, and diammonium phosphate. Toon is moist and not tolerant to drought. When it is dry, it should be properly watered to keep the soil moist and promote growth and development. Excessive moisture, easy to grow, root and neck are perishable, should pay attention to drainage in the rainy season.
3. The buds of buds and buds are short-lived, and should be eaten early, eat fresh, and tender. There are rumors that "the buds are tender as silk before the rain, and the buds are like wood after the rain." The harvesting standard is bud color purple, and the bud length is 10-15 cm. When harvesting, the top buds and the rear buds should be harvested first. If the top buds are not harvested, the lower buds are difficult to grow or grow poorly. When picking the buds, gently apply the base of the petiole. When harvesting on the branches after the tree is formed, one strong lateral bud must be retained on each backbone branch. Each branch of the old tree that is updated by the head must also retain a strong side bud. Tall trees should be harvested on the trees to avoid excessive damage to the backbone branches; places that cannot be harvested by hand can be picked with long hooks, and twigs and weak branches that do not retain value should be broken. The axillary buds can be harvested 2 to 3 times a year. After harvesting, bundled into small bundles of 100-200g, packed in plastic bags and sealed to prevent water loss and wilting.
4. The roots of the scented scented scented scented stalks are shallow, and the germination is strong. Many stalks are often found from the roots and stems, which affects the growth of the trunk and consumes nutrients. Therefore, as long as the main growth is still good, and there is no need to separate new seedlings of the camphor, all the sprouts should be eliminated in time to ensure the robust growth of the tree.
5. Pest control Pesticide pests and diseases are less, and leaf rust and powdery mildew are prone to occur in summer and autumn. Leaf rust is mainly harmful to leaves, summer leaves are yellow-brown irregular lesions, and winter leaf backs are black irregular lesions. The diseased plants grow slowly, causing early defoliation in severe cases. The disease is caused by the infection of the rust fungus and the rust fungus. Powdery mildew is also mainly harmful to the leaves. The surface of the diseased leaves is yellowish-white mottled, and white powder plaques appear on the back of the leaves. Later, granular dots appear and become dark brown. The disease is caused by the spread of the spores of the toadstool shell fungus by airflow. These two diseases can be controlled by spraying with 500 times of rusting liquid.
The pests of the toon are mainly caterpillars, moths, and zebras. The larval stage can be sprayed with 800 times of trichlorfon, and the adult stage is controlled with 1500 times 40% dimethoate. The beetle larvae can also be killed by artificial injection of trichlorfon in the wormhole. If it is found that there is damage to the sassafras, it should be sprayed with 15% of Dalingling emulsifiable concentrate 1500-2000 times.
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