This afternoon, I received a “call for help†– a piece of peanuts from an old man’s house died, and we rushed to the ground for diagnosis. The roots of the diseased plants have a layer of white material, just like wearing a pair of small white shoes. After observation and analysis, we were diagnosed with chalk disease.
What are the factors related to peanut chalk disease?
First, the climate factor. The occurrence of peanut chalk disease is closely related to the natural climate and the field microclimate. The temperature determines the morning and evening of the disease, and the magnitude of the humidity affects the severity of the disease. The optimum temperature for the growth of pathogens is 25 ° C ~ 35 ° C, the optimum air humidity is 90% ~ 100%, and the optimum soil water content is 40% ~ 50%.
Second, management factors. Continuous cropping, large population, dense growth, poor ventilation and light transmission, many weeds, plant lodging, poor soil, acidity, low ground potential, poor drainage, and high humidity in the field are beneficial to the occurrence of diseases. Rotation, moderate group, no lodging, good permeability, energy drainage, deep soil layer, rich in organic matter, neutral alkali, strong growth, less weeds, cleaned disease, no-till before winter The plot is mild.
What are the significant lesions of peanuts after infection with chalk?
At the beginning of the disease, the part of the disease became brown and soft, and corrugated lesions appeared on it. On the surface of the lesion, a layer of white scorpion mycelium grows. Under suitable conditions, the hyphae spread to the middle and lower stalks of the plant and spread between the branches and plants. The base of the damaged stem is rotted, the cortex is shed, and the fibrous tissue remains. The leaves of the diseased plants turn yellow, the edges are scorched, and finally die with death. The invaded fruit stalks and pods grow a lot of white hyphae, which are wet and rotten.
What kind of control measures should be taken after peanuts are infected with chalk?
First, the "three nets" preventive measures: (1) the bacteria source is eliminated. After the fall, the diseased body will be completely removed from the field, leaving no residue, so as to eliminate the source of sterilization, so that the growth period will not occur or delay. (2) Soil disinfection. Combined with spring plough production, deep turn the soil, and use 70% thiophanate-methyl or 40% methyl chlorpyrifos 2 ~ 3 kg / mu, add fine soil and mix well and sprinkle in the soil to eliminate residual bacteria. (3) Clean the countryside. In the peanut growing season, the diseased leaves or whole plants are removed in time, and the diseased bodies are burned to reduce the accumulation and spread of pathogens and control the speed and extent of the epidemic.
The second is to timely carry out chemical control. In the early stage of peanut pod formation, spray 20% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, or Park Haiyin 1000 times solution, or use the agents such as triadimefon, root rot, and thiophanate to irrigate the roots at the beginning of the disease.
Since the peanuts of the old man's family have reached the pod-forming period, we recommend him to take chemical control measures. At the same time, he is also advised to prevent and control in advance, to eliminate germs from the root causes, in order to prevent huge losses in the later period.
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