With the drastic increase in the demand for milk, the number of rural individual cattle farmers and small-scale dairy farms has gradually increased. They all hope to obtain maximum economic benefits in a relatively short period of time. Direct purchase of adult cows is immediately put into production. . Therefore, when purchasing adult dairy cows, how can we select dairy cows with higher milk yields?
1 Choosing good breeds At present, China's dairy cows are raised, but mostly are improved descendants that use imported Holstein as the male parent for advanced interbreeding, but there are also a handful of descendants of the purebred Holstein, if purebred cows or offspring are not available, High-generational and pedigree clearer should be selected as far as possible. After more than forty years of improved seed production in our state, the high-generation black-and-white cows have the largest amount of lactation in our state and have the best lactation performance. Therefore, when dairy cows are raised, high-generation black-and-white cows with higher milk production should be the first choice, and the daily average fresh milk production should be above 20?. The "Dairy Cow King" in Wuyuan County in our province set a record of 44.3 tons of fresh milk per day.
2 Choosing age and parity If purchasing a cow, the cow's age (or parity) is an important factor affecting milk production. The golden age of milk production for dairy cows is between 5 and 8 years old. Under normal circumstances, the first and second child will have low milk production. Later, as the number of births increases, the amount of milk production continues to rise and the 4th to 6th children are maintained at a high level. Later it gradually declined. Therefore, to enable cows to exert their higher production performance as soon as possible, cows aged 3 to 4 years or who have had 1 to 2 births should be selected. The age discrimination of dairy cows is mainly judged based on the birth and replacement of the incisors, the degree of wear of the permanent teeth, or the angle of the cow to determine the age of the cows. Under normal circumstances, when the second to fourth pairs of the incisors have lost permanent teeth Or 1 or 2 rounds of corner wheels, it is more appropriate to choose to purchase.
3 Select a typical physical appearance Excellent dairy cow's physique should be compact and compact, requiring a robust body, well-proportioned structure, shiny coat, thin skin and elastic, thin and solid bone, body width and depth of moderate, straight back, long hips Flat width, good chest development, large abdomen without sagging, body from the top, side, the opposite position was observed "inverted triangle", black and white flowers obvious, with three flowers and saddle flower is the best. The limbs are strong and upright, and the gait and hoof shape of the cow must be carefully observed. The abnormally hoofed cattle often have limb and foot disease. For cows housed in pen homes, limb and foot disease is very prone to occur and will directly affect the milk production performance and high yield period of the cows.
4 It is the most important functional body type to have a developed breast. The base of the breast should extend and extend, and it should be well attached. Four milk areas were evenly weighed, and the rear area was high and wide. The nipples are vertically cylindrical and well spaced and symmetrical. Touching the breast with your hands is good and there is no abnormality. Before the milking, the milk well was obvious, the breasts swelled, the breasts became smaller after milking, and the back of the breasts had obvious wrinkles. The milk veins should be thick and curved, the bladder hairs are sparse, and the skin elasticity is good. This is the basic characteristic of a high-yielding dairy cow.
5 In addition to observing the body appearance when purchasing heifers, the calf's breast bladder, nipple, and genitalia must be carefully examined. It depends on whether the cow’s parents, grandpa, grandma, and grandmother’s reproductive performance are normal, whether they are heterosexual twin cows, and the opposite sex cow has no reproductive ability and must not be bought. Special attention is given to bred dairy cows who have passed the reproductive age and cannot purchase such cows.
Specifically, it can be summarized as: Oxtail should be fine, there is no neck bag, there must be a peak, the neck should be thin, and the head should be small. From the rear, look at the cow's vertical line, high hind legs, short front legs, four breasts, full breasts, must have milk wells, four structures without developed muscles, less fat, brighter coat, clear black and white flowers, skin Relax, help the gap between the bones to be wide, it is better to insert two fingers.
In addition to the above several points, we should also examine its genealogy, feeding management and medical history, etc.; we must consider from various aspects and conduct comprehensive judgments. Only in this way can we select outstanding individuals and lay a foundation for higher economic returns. Good foundation.
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